Revolutions of the Americas: American Revolution, Haitian Revolution & Bolívar's Liberations
Encyclopedia/3. History, Societies & Civilizations/06. Americas & Indigenous Civilizations/02. Modern Americas • Curated by Admin Timeline.sg
A timeline of revolutionary movements across the Americas from 1775 to 1830, covering the American Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and Simón Bolívar's liberation campaigns that broke colonial bonds and reshaped the Western Hemisphere.
Chronological Storyline (42 Milestones)
Apr 19, 1775 CE
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The first military engagements of the American Revolution occurred in Massachusetts, sparking the war for independence. #AmericanRevolution #history
Battles of Lexington and Concord By William Barnes Wollen - National Army Museum website, 3 March 2019 (upload date) by Muhranoff, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=77062706
May 10, 1775 CE
Second Continental Congress Convenes
Delegates from the Thirteen Colonies gathered in Philadelphia to manage the war effort and eventually declare independence. #AmericanRevolution #history
Second Continental Congress Convenes By Robert Edge Pine / Edward Savage - Historical Society of Pennsylvania, via Explore PA History, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4083850
Jun 17, 1775 CE
Battle of Bunker Hill
A significant early battle where colonial forces inflicted heavy casualties on the British, demonstrating their resolve. #AmericanRevolution #history
Battle of Bunker Hill By John Trumbull - https://www.thesun.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NINTCHDBPICT000019092878.jpg https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/9445752/trump-rewrites-history-revolutionary-army-airports-war-independence/, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=160865315
Jan 10, 1776 CE
Thomas Paine Publishes 'Common Sense'
Paine's pamphlet argued for American independence and influenced public opinion toward revolution. #AmericanRevolution #literature
Thomas Paine Publishes 'Common Sense' By Scanned by uploader, originally by Thomas Paine. - http://www.indiana.edu/~liblilly/history/common-sense-larger.html, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=112772
Jul 4, 1776 CE
Declaration of Independence Adopted
The Second Continental Congress declared the thirteen colonies independent from Britain, founding the United States of America. #AmericanRevolution #independence
Declaration of Independence Adopted By original: w:Second Continental Congress; reproduction: William Stone - numerous, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=621811
Dec 26, 1776 CE
Battle of Trenton
George Washington's surprise attack on Hessian forces boosted American morale after a series of defeats. #AmericanRevolution #history
Battle of Trenton By Published by U.S. Government Printing Office; painting by Hugh Charles McBarron, Jr. (1902-1992) - U.S. Army Center of Military History (Original uploaded on en.wikipedia (transferred to commons by Matanya), Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14583328
Oct 17, 1777 CE
Battle of Saratoga
A decisive American victory that convinced France to enter the war as an ally, turning the tide of the revolution. #AmericanRevolution #history
Battle of Saratoga By John Trumbull - 1. United States Architect of the Capitol2. aoc.gov, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1379709
Dec 19, 1777 CE
Winter at Valley Forge
The Continental Army endured a harsh winter, but emerged as a more disciplined force under Baron von Steuben's training. #AmericanRevolution #history
Winter at Valley Forge By John Ward Dunsmore - https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/91792202/, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16944858
Feb 6, 1778 CE
Treaty of Alliance with France
France formally allied with the United States, providing crucial military and financial support. #AmericanRevolution #diplomacy )
Treaty of Alliance with France By Benjamin Franklin - [1], Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7023984
Oct 19, 1781 CE
Siege of Yorktown
The last major battle of the American Revolution, where British General Cornwallis surrendered to Washington. #AmericanRevolution #history
Siege of Yorktown By John Trumbull - http://www.aoc.gov/cc/photo-gallery/ptgs_rotunda.cfm, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1379717
Sep 3, 1783 CE
Treaty of Paris Signed
The treaty ended the American Revolution, with Great Britain recognizing the independence of the United States. #AmericanRevolution #diplomacy )
Treaty of Paris Signed By iDK - This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=115507932
Sep 17, 1787 CE
U.S. Constitution Signed
The Constitutional Convention produced a new framework for the national government, replacing the Articles of Confederation. #AmericanRevolution #politics
U.S. Constitution Signed By Constitutional Convention, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15795309
Aug 14, 1791 CE
Bois Caïman Ceremony
A Vodou ceremony led by Dutty Boukman launched the Haitian Revolution, a major slave uprising against French colonial rule. #HaitianRevolution #history
Dec 1, 1791 CE
Toussaint Louverture Joins the Revolution
Toussaint Louverture, a former slave, became a leader of the Haitian Revolution, organizing and inspiring the rebel forces. #HaitianRevolution #leadership
Toussaint Louverture Joins the Revolution By Alexandre-François-Louis, comte de Girardin - allposters.com, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46545226
Feb 4, 1794 CE
French Abolition of Slavery
The French First Republic abolished slavery in all its colonies, a direct result of the Haitian Revolution's pressure. #HaitianRevolution #slavery
French Abolition of Slavery By Unknown author - ALBIGÈS, « La fête de l'abolition de l'esclavage à Paris », Histoire par l'image, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=100096831
Jul 22, 1795 CE
Treaty of Basel
Spain ceded the eastern part of Hispaniola (Santo Domingo) to France, unifying the island under French control. #HaitianRevolution #diplomacy
Treaty of Basel By Unknown author - Cambridge Modern History Atlas, 1912, Map 84, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=435868
Jul 8, 1801 CE
Toussaint Promulgates the Constitution of 1801
Toussaint Louverture issued a constitution for Saint-Domingue that declared him governor-for-life and abolished slavery, asserting autonomy. #HaitianRevolution #politics
Feb 2, 1802 CE
Leclerc Expedition Arrives
Napoleon sent a massive expedition under General Leclerc to restore French control and reimpose slavery, capturing Toussaint later. #HaitianRevolution #war
Leclerc Expedition Arrives By January Suchodolski - http://www.pinakoteka.zascianek.pl/Suchodolski/Suchodolski_2.htm, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1483084
Jun 7, 1802 CE
Toussaint Louverture Captured
Toussaint was betrayed and arrested by the French, later dying in captivity in France, but his legacy inspired continued resistance. #HaitianRevolution #leadership
Nov 18, 1803 CE
Battle of Vertières
The final major battle of the Haitian Revolution, where Haitian forces defeated the French, securing independence. #HaitianRevolution #war
Battle of Vertières By Kitanago - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=106181811
Jan 1, 1804 CE
Haitian Independence Declared
Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared Haiti's independence, establishing the first independent nation of Latin America and the first black republic. #HaitianRevolution #independence
Haitian Independence Declared By Unknown author - http://theappendix.net/issues/2014/1/haitis-declaration-of-independence-digging-for-lost-documents-in-the-archives-of-the-atlantic-world, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=59130347
Sep 16, 1810 CE
Grito de Dolores
Miguel Hidalgo's call to arms in Mexico ignited the Mexican War of Independence against Spanish rule. #LatinAmericanIndependence #history
Grito de Dolores By Paigemorrison at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by nopira., CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3900158
Jul 5, 1811 CE
Venezuelan Declaration of Independence
Venezuela became the first Latin American colony to declare independence, with Simón Bolívar playing a key role. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Bolívar
Venezuelan Declaration of Independence By Martin Tovar y Tovar - http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/bib_autor/fmiranda/iconografia.shtml, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3453302
Dec 15, 1812 CE
Cartagena Manifesto
Bolívar wrote this political essay analyzing the failure of the First Republic and outlining his strategy for liberation. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Bolívar
May 14, 1813 CE
Admirable Campaign Begins
Bolívar launched a successful military campaign from New Granada to liberate Venezuela, earning him the title 'El Libertador'. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Bolívar
Admirable Campaign Begins By C arango - Own work, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3385931
Sep 6, 1815 CE
Letter from Jamaica
Bolívar wrote a famous letter outlining his vision for Latin American unity and independence from Spain. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Bolívar
Letter from Jamaica By Agencia de Noticias ANDES - CARTA DE JAMAICA, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57687579
Jan 1, 1816 CE
Bolívar Receives Haitian Support
President Alexandre Pétion of Haiti provided Bolívar with weapons, money, and troops to continue his liberation campaign. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Bolívar
Bolívar Receives Haitian Support By lithographer unknown - John Carter Brown Library, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=174573649
Feb 12, 1817 CE
Battle of Chacabuco
José de San Martín's Army of the Andes defeated Spanish forces, paving the way for Chilean independence. #LatinAmericanIndependence #SanMartín
Battle of Chacabuco By Pedro Subercaseaux - Museo Historico Nacional, Buenos Aires, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=121740
Feb 12, 1818 CE
Chilean Independence Proclaimed
Bernardo O'Higgins signed the Chilean Declaration of Independence, formally severing ties with Spain. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Chile
Chilean Independence Proclaimed By Yakoo - self-made (corregida en GIMP), Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1976785
Feb 15, 1819 CE
Congress of Angostura
Bolívar addressed the Congress of Angostura, outlining his vision for Gran Colombia and a new constitution. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Bolívar
Congress of Angostura By Guillermo Ramos Flamerich - Own work, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1538389
Aug 7, 1819 CE
Battle of Boyacá
A decisive victory for Bolívar's forces over Spanish troops, leading to the liberation of New Granada (Colombia). #LatinAmericanIndependence #Bolívar
Battle of Boyacá By Martin Tovar y Tovar - Painting of Martín Tovar y Tovar exhibited in the Federal Palace, Caracas, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10999492
Jun 24, 1821 CE
Battle of Carabobo
Bolívar's army secured Venezuelan independence with a decisive defeat of Spanish forces. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Bolívar
Battle of Carabobo By Unknown author, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2187437
Aug 30, 1821 CE
Constitution of Cúcuta
The Congress of Cúcuta enacted a constitution for Gran Colombia, uniting Venezuela, Colombia, and later Ecuador under Bolívar's presidency. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Bolívar
Constitution of Cúcuta By Qwerty2 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1379532
Sep 27, 1821 CE
Mexican Independence Achieved
The Army of the Three Guarantees under Agustín de Iturbide entered Mexico City, ending the Mexican War of Independence. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Mexico
Mexican Independence Achieved By Hpav7 - Own work, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31418908
May 24, 1822 CE
Battle of Pichincha
Antonio José de Sucre's victory over Spanish forces secured the independence of the Royal Audiencia of Quito (Ecuador). #LatinAmericanIndependence #Sucre
Jul 26, 1822 CE
Guayaquil Conference
Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín met in Guayaquil to discuss the future of South America, after which San Martín withdrew from leadership. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Bolívar
Guayaquil Conference By Padaguan - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29800125
Sep 7, 1822 CE
Brazilian Independence Proclaimed
Prince Pedro declared Brazil's independence from Portugal, becoming Emperor Pedro I of Brazil. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Brazil
Brazilian Independence Proclaimed By Pedro Américo - xQEMjjFlwma5eQ at Google Arts & Culture, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=74128260
Dec 2, 1823 CE
Monroe Doctrine Announced
U.S. President James Monroe declared that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization, asserting hemispheric influence. #MonroeDoctrine #diplomacy
Monroe Doctrine Announced By Louis Dalrymple - https://diplomacy.state.gov/stories/the-monroe-doctrine-the-united-states-and-latin-american-independence/, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=179287267
Aug 6, 1824 CE
Battle of Junín
Bolívar's cavalry won a key battle against Spanish forces in Peru, leading to the final campaign for independence. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Bolívar
Battle of Junín By Martin Tovar y Tovar - http://www.simon-bolivar.org/bolivar/images/batalla_junin.jpg, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2929577
Dec 9, 1824 CE
Battle of Ayacucho
Antonio José de Sucre's victory effectively ended Spanish rule in South America, cementing independence for Peru and Bolivia. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Sucre
Battle of Ayacucho By Martín Tovar y Tovar - Martin Tovar y Tovar, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=87809311
Aug 6, 1825 CE
Bolivia Declares Independence
The newly formed Republic of Bolivia, named after Simón Bolívar, declared independence from Spain. #LatinAmericanIndependence #Bolivia
Bolivia Declares Independence By Alejandro René Gonzáles Estrada - Own work, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7401947
Jun 22, 1826 CE
Congress of Panama
Bolívar convened a congress of American republics in Panama to promote unity, but it achieved limited success due to national interests. #LatinAmericanIndependence #diplomacy
Congress of Panama By Nagihuin - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=107849646
