600 BCE
Kanada's Atomic Theory in Ancient India
The Indian philosopher Kanada proposes an atomic theory suggesting that particles are interconnected through unseen forces, presaging later ideas of non-locality. #philosophy #history
Chronological Storyline (37 Milestones)
400 BCE
Greek Atomism by Democritus
Democritus and Leucippus develop atomism, positing that all matter is composed of indivisible atoms moving in a void, laying groundwork for later quantum concepts. #philosophy #science
1924 CE
Bose-Einstein Statistics by Satyendra Nath Bose
Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose sends a paper to Einstein on quantum statistics, leading to the foundation of Bose-Einstein statistics and the concept of bosons, crucial for quantum field theory. #physics #science
By Unknown author - Picture in Siliconeer, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2201891
Oct 24, 1927 CE
Solvay Conference Debates Quantum Foundations
The fifth Solvay Conference features intense debates between Einstein and Bohr on quantum mechanics, setting the stage for later discussions on entanglement. #physics #history
By Benjamin Couprie, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=227787
May 15, 1935 CE
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox Published
Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen publish the EPR paper, arguing that quantum mechanics is incomplete and introducing the idea of 'spooky action at a distance'. #physics #quantum
By Doris Ulmann - This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3g04940.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2468828
Aug 29, 1935 CE
Schrödinger's Cat Thought Experiment
Erwin Schrödinger introduces the cat paradox and coins the term 'entanglement' (Verschränkung) to describe quantum correlations. #physics #quantum
By Dhatfield - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4279886
Jul 1, 1948 CE
Shannon's Information Theory Laid Out
Claude Shannon publishes 'A Mathematical Theory of Communication', providing the foundation for classical information theory later adapted to quantum information. #informationtheory #computing
By Claude E. Shannon and Warren Weaver - https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.503815/page/n5/mode/2up, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=171159167
1952 CE
Bohm's Hidden Variable Theory
David Bohm develops a deterministic hidden variable interpretation of quantum mechanics, reviving interest in non-locality and the EPR problem. #physics #quantum
By Unknown photographer - image taken from this page. Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. The original uploader was Karol Langner at English Wikipedia., Attribution, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3037230
Nov 4, 1964 CE
Bell's Theorem Published
John Bell proves that any local hidden variable theory cannot reproduce all quantum predictions, establishing a testable criterion for entanglement. #physics #quantum
Apr 15, 1969 CE
CHSH Inequality Formulated
Clauser, Horne, Shimony, and Holt derive the CHSH inequality, enabling experimental tests of Bell's theorem. #physics #experiment
Mar 1, 1972 CE
First Experimental Test of Bell's Theorem
Stuart Freedman and John Clauser perform the first experimental test of Bell's inequality, providing initial evidence against local realism. #physics #experiment
Dec 1, 1980 CE
Aspect's Experiments Close Loopholes
Alain Aspect and colleagues perform more sophisticated tests of Bell's inequalities, convincingly showing quantum mechanics violates local realism. #physics #experiment
By Ecole polytechnique Université Paris-Saclay - Mooc optique quantique, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=123730100
Sep 1, 1982 CE
No-Cloning Theorem Established
Wootters, Zurek, and Dieks independently prove that quantum states cannot be cloned, a key principle for quantum cryptography and computing. #quantum #information
Sep 1, 1984 CE
BB84 Quantum Key Distribution Protocol
Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard propose the BB84 protocol, the first quantum cryptography scheme based on single photons. #quantum #cryptography
Apr 1, 1991 CE
Ekert's E91 Protocol Using Entanglement
Artur Ekert invents a quantum key distribution protocol based on entanglement and Bell's theorem. #quantum #cryptography
Mar 29, 1993 CE
Quantum Teleportation Proposed
Bennett, Brassard, Crépeau, Jozsa, Peres, and Wootters publish a theoretical scheme for quantum teleportation using entanglement. #quantum #teleportation
By JozumBjada - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=128460435
Jul 1, 1995 CE
First Experimental Quantum Teleportation
Zeilinger's group in Innsbruck demonstrates quantum teleportation of a photon state using entangled pairs. #quantum #experiment
Sep 1, 1996 CE
Quantum Dense Coding Demonstrated
Bennett and Wiesner propose and later experiments show that entanglement allows sending two bits of information by transmitting one qubit. #quantum #communication
By JozumBjada - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=128744725
Dec 11, 1997 CE
First Long-Distance Entanglement Distribution
Anton Zeilinger's team distributes entangled photons over 10 km in Geneva, validating entanglement for quantum networks. #quantum #network
By Evacreateva Eva Fessler / University of Innsbruck - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=192003492
Jan 1, 1998 CE
Quantum Teleportation of Coherent Light
Furusawa et al. achieve teleportation of a coherent light beam, extending teleportation to continuous variables. #quantum #optics
May 1, 2000 CE
Shor's Algorithm for Factoring Demonstrated
Peter Shor's quantum algorithm for integer factorization is experimentally implemented on a small scale, highlighting entanglement's computational power. #quantum #computing
Jan 1, 2001 CE
First Quantum Processor Using Trapped Ions
Two groups build the first quantum processors with trapped ions, demonstrating entanglement-based logic gates. #quantum #computing
By National Institute of Standards and Technology - Quantum Computing; Ion Trapping, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=51195437
Oct 1, 2004 CE
Quantum Repeater Concept Proposed
Duan, Lukin, Cirac, and Zoller propose a quantum repeater scheme to overcome distance limitations in quantum communication. #quantum #communication
Aug 1, 2005 CE
Violation of Bell's Inequality with Massive Particles
Entanglement is demonstrated with massive particles (atoms), extending Bell tests beyond photons. #quantum #experiment
Jun 1, 2007 CE
Quantum Entanglement in Solid State
Researchers entangle superconducting qubits for the first time, paving the way for scalable quantum computers. #quantum #solidstate
By FMNLab - Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=90764556
Mar 1, 2008 CE
Entanglement Swapping Achieved
Experiments demonstrate entanglement swapping, a key element for quantum repeaters and networks. #quantum #network
May 1, 2010 CE
Quantum Cryptography Over 200 km
Entanglement-based quantum key distribution is demonstrated over 200 km of optical fiber, extending secure communication distance. #quantum #cryptography
Dec 5, 2012 CE
Loophole-Free Bell Test with Electrons
Hensen et al. perform a loophole-free Bell test using electron spins in diamond, closing detection and locality loopholes simultaneously. #quantum #experiment
Sep 1, 2013 CE
Quantum Teleportation Over 100 km of Fiber
Chinese team demonstrates teleportation over 100 km of optical fiber, a milestone for quantum networks. #quantum #teleportation
May 1, 2015 CE
First Loophole-Free Bell Test Using Photons
Three independent experiments (Delft, Vienna, NIST) close all major loopholes in Bell tests, confirming quantum non-locality. #quantum #experiment
Aug 16, 2016 CE
Micius Satellite Launched for Quantum Experiments
China launches the Micius satellite, the first space-based platform for quantum entanglement distribution and QKD. #quantum #space
Jun 15, 2017 CE
Quantum Entanglement Distortion Over 1200 km from Space
Micius satellite demonstrates entanglement distribution between two ground stations separated by 1200 km, setting a record. #quantum #space
Jul 1, 2018 CE
Quantum Teleportation Over 1400 km via Satellite
Using Micius, researchers achieve quantum teleportation from a ground station to the satellite, spanning over 1400 km. #quantum #teleportation
Oct 23, 2019 CE
Google Achieves Quantum Supremacy
Google's Sycamore quantum processor performs a calculation in 200 seconds that would take a classical supercomputer thousands of years, using entanglement as a resource. #quantum #computing
Apr 1, 2020 CE
Quantum Entanglement in a Superconducting Circuit Verified
Researchers demonstrate entanglement of multiple superconducting qubits with high fidelity, advancing quantum error correction. #quantum #computing
Oct 4, 2022 CE
Nobel Prize for Quantum Entanglement Experiments
The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded to Alain Aspect, John Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger for their pioneering experiments on entangled quantum states. #quantum #physics
Jun 1, 2023 CE
First Quantum Network with Three Nodes in Urban Area
A three-node quantum network using entanglement is demonstrated in a real-world city environment, a step toward the quantum internet. #quantum #network