Encyclopedia/2. Technology & The Built World/1. Computing, AI & Information Technology/01. Hardware & Electronics • Curated by Admin Timeline.sg
A timeline of quantum computing milestones from theoretical foundations to experimental breakthroughs, covering qubit technologies, algorithms, and quantum supremacy demonstrations.
Chronological Storyline (36 Milestones)
1935 CE
EPR Paradox Published
Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen publish the EPR paradox, highlighting quantum entanglement and questioning completeness of quantum mechanics. #QuantumComputing #Physics
EPR Paradox Published By Doris Ulmann - This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3g04940.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2468828
1964 CE
Bell's Theorem Proposed
John Bell introduces Bell's theorem, providing a testable inequality to distinguish quantum entanglement from local hidden variable theories. #QuantumComputing #Physics
1973 CE
Holevo's Theorem Published
Alexander Holevo establishes the Holevo bound, limiting the amount of classical information retrievable from a quantum state. #QuantumComputing #InformationTheory
1981 CE
Feynman Proposes Quantum Simulation
Richard Feynman gives a keynote talk suggesting that quantum computers could efficiently simulate quantum systems, laying groundwork for quantum computing. #QuantumComputing #Physics
Feynman Proposes Quantum Simulation By The Nobel Foundation - http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1965/feynman-bio.html, PD-Sweden, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34664654
1982 CE
Benioff's Quantum Turing Machine
Paul Benioff describes a quantum mechanical model of a Turing machine, one of the earliest theoretical proposals for a quantum computer. #QuantumComputing #Theory
1985 CE
Deutsch's Universal Quantum Computer
David Deutsch publishes the first universal quantum computer model, introducing the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm concept. #QuantumComputing #Algorithms
Deutsch's Universal Quantum Computer By Dev Jadiya - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=158261563
1992 CE
Deutsch–Jozsa Algorithm
Deutsch and Jozsa present the first quantum algorithm to demonstrate exponential speedup over classical algorithms for a specific problem. #QuantumComputing #Algorithms
1993 CE
Quantum Teleportation Proposed
Bennett et al. publish the theoretical protocol for quantum teleportation, transferring quantum states using entanglement. #QuantumComputing #Entanglement
Quantum Teleportation Proposed By JozumBjada - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=128460435
1994 CE
Shor's Factoring Algorithm
Peter Shor devises a quantum algorithm to factor large integers exponentially faster than classical algorithms, threatening RSA encryption. #QuantumComputing #Algorithms #Cryptography
1995 CE
Quantum Error Correction Codes
Shor and Steane independently develop the first quantum error-correcting codes, essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing. #QuantumComputing #ErrorCorrection
1996 CE
Grover's Search Algorithm
Lov Grover discovers a quantum algorithm for unstructured search with quadratic speedup, widely applicable. #QuantumComputing #Algorithms
1997 CE
First Experimental Quantum Algorithm
The Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm is implemented on a 2-qubit NMR quantum computer, the first demonstration of a quantum algorithm. #QuantumComputing #Experiment
1998 CE
First Quantum Logic Gate
A controlled-NOT gate is realized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), demonstrating the building block of quantum circuits. #QuantumComputing #Experiment
First Quantum Logic Gate By Rxtreme - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=84768061
1999 CE
First Superconducting Qubit (NEC, Japan)
Nakamura et al. at NEC demonstrate the first superconducting charge qubit, launching the field of superconducting quantum computing. #QuantumComputing #Qubits #Japan
First Superconducting Qubit (NEC, Japan) By FMNLab - Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=90764556
2000 CE
DiVincenzo Criteria Formulated
David DiVincenzo outlines five criteria for building a quantum computer, guiding experimental efforts. #QuantumComputing #Theory
2001 CE
Shor's Algorithm Implemented (7-Qubit NMR)
IBM researchers factor 15 using Shor's algorithm on a 7-qubit NMR quantum computer, a landmark experimental validation. #QuantumComputing #Experiment
2007 CE
D-Wave Demonstrates 16-Qubit Quantum Annealer
D-Wave Systems announces the first commercial quantum annealer using 16 qubits, sparking debate on quantum speedup. #QuantumComputing #QuantumAnnealing
D-Wave Demonstrates 16-Qubit Quantum Annealer By Mwjohnson0 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44720502
2009 CE
Two-Qubit Superconducting Gate (Yale)
Yale researchers demonstrate a high-fidelity controlled-NOT gate between two superconducting qubits, a key milestone. #QuantumComputing #Qubits
2010 CE
14-Qubit Ion Trap Quantum Computer (Innsbruck)
Researchers at Innsbruck create a 14-qubit ion trap quantum computer, then the largest entangled state. #QuantumComputing #IonTrap
14-Qubit Ion Trap Quantum Computer (Innsbruck) By National Institute of Standards and Technology - Quantum Computing; Ion Trapping, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=51195437
2011 CE
D-Wave One: First Commercial Quantum Computer
D-Wave sells the D-Wave One, a 128-qubit quantum annealer, to Lockheed Martin, claiming the first commercial quantum computer. #QuantumComputing #Commercial
2012 CE
IBM Achieves Perfect 2-Qubit Gate
IBM demonstrates a 2-qubit gate with error rates below the fault-tolerant threshold using superconducting qubits. #QuantumComputing #Qubits
2013 CE
VQE Algorithm Proposed
The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is introduced as a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for quantum chemistry, later widely used. #QuantumComputing #Algorithms
2014 CE
Google Quantum AI Lab Founded
Google launches the Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab in collaboration with NASA and D-Wave to explore quantum computing. #QuantumComputing #Google
Google Quantum AI Lab Founded By Google - https://quantumai.google/, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=180896010
2015 CE
Quantum Error Correction Beyond Break-Even
Researchers at Aarhus University demonstrate quantum error correction that improves qubit fidelity beyond the physical qubit performance. #QuantumComputing #ErrorCorrection
May 4, 2016 CE
IBM Quantum Experience Launch
IBM releases the first cloud-based quantum computing service, the Quantum Experience, with a 5-qubit superconducting processor accessible online. #QuantumComputing #Cloud
2017 CE
Intel 17-Qubit Superconducting Chip
Intel delivers a 17-qubit superconducting test chip to QuTech, advancing industry quantum hardware. #QuantumComputing #Intel
2018 CE
Google Bristlecone 72-Qubit Processor
Google unveils Bristlecone, a 72-qubit superconducting processor aiming to demonstrate quantum supremacy. #QuantumComputing #Google
Oct 23, 2019 CE
Google Sycamore Achieves Quantum Supremacy
Google's 53-qubit Sycamore processor performs a random circuit sampling task in 200 seconds, claiming quantum supremacy over the fastest supercomputer. #QuantumComputing #QuantumSupremacy
Google Sycamore Achieves Quantum Supremacy By Coldupnorth - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=183423536
Dec 3, 2020 CE
Jiuzhang Photonic Quantum Computer (China)
Chinese team demonstrates a photonic quantum computer (Jiuzhang) performing boson sampling with up to 76 photons, showing quantum advantage. #QuantumComputing #China #Photonics )
2021 CE
Honeywell H1 Trapped Ion Quantum Computer
Honeywell announces the H1 trapped ion quantum computer with 10 qubits, achieving high-fidelity operations. #QuantumComputing #Honeywell #IonTrap
2021 CE
IBM 127-Qubit Eagle Processor
IBM releases the Eagle processor, featuring 127 superconducting qubits, a milestone in scaling quantum hardware. #QuantumComputing #IBM
2022 CE
Chinese Zuchongzhi 2.1 (66 Qubits)
Chinese researchers develop the Zuchongzhi 2.1 superconducting processor with 66 qubits, demonstrating random circuit sampling competitive with Sycamore. #QuantumComputing #China
2022 CE
IBM 433-Qubit Osprey Processor
IBM unveils the 433-qubit Osprey processor, doubling the qubit count of Eagle and advancing toward fault tolerance. #QuantumComputing #IBM
2023 CE
IBM 1,121-Qubit Condor Processor
IBM announces the Condor processor with 1,121 superconducting qubits, the first quantum processor exceeding 1,000 qubits. #QuantumComputing #IBM #Qubits
2023 CE
Google Demonstrates Surface Code Error Correction
Google Quantum AI demonstrates a surface code quantum error correction protocol with 17 qubits, reducing logical error rates. #QuantumComputing #ErrorCorrection
Japanese researchers at RIKEN achieve a fault-tolerant quantum logic gate with error correction, advancing silicon qubit technology. #QuantumComputing #Japan #FaultTolerance
