1956 CE
GM-NAA I/O Operating System
General Motors and North American Aviation develop the GM-NAA I/O, one of the first operating systems for the IBM 704, introducing batch processing and I/O management. #computing #history
Chronological Storyline (44 Milestones)
1961 CE
CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System)
MIT's CTSS introduces time-sharing, allowing multiple users to interact with a computer simultaneously, a precursor to modern multi-user operating systems. #computing #history
By Jamplevia - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=115412218
1964 CE
IBM System/360 and OS/360
IBM launches the System/360 mainframe family with the OS/360 operating system, introducing a unified architecture and multiprogramming. #computing #history
By IBM Corporation - selbst vektorisiert nach .png Vorlage, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=54244842
1965 CE
Multics Project Begins
MIT, GE, and Bell Labs start developing Multics, a pioneering time-sharing operating system that influences later systems like Unix. #computing #history
By VectorVoyager - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=116207801
1969 CE
Unix Development Begins at Bell Labs
Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others at Bell Labs develop the first version of Unix on a PDP-7, emphasizing simplicity and portability. #unix #computing
By Rwoodsmall - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=84193286
1971 CE
First Edition Unix Released
Unix First Edition is released, written in assembly language, including the first Unix programmer's manual. #unix #computing
1972 CE
C Programming Language Created
Dennis Ritchie develops the C programming language at Bell Labs, enabling Unix to be rewritten in a high-level language for portability. #programming #unix )
By Cobaiahackers - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=127716370
1973 CE
Unix Rewritten in C
Unix is rewritten in C, making it the first portable operating system, a milestone that influences OS design. #unix #computing
1974 CE
Unix Published in Communications of the ACM
Thompson and Ritchie publish a paper on Unix, spreading its design principles widely. #unix #computing
1975 CE
Sixth Edition Unix Released
Unix V6 is released, becoming widely used in academic settings and influencing BSD. #unix #computing
1977 CE
BSD Unix Released
The Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) is released, adding features like the vi editor and TCP/IP stack. #unix #computing
1979 CE
Seventh Edition Unix Released
Unix V7 is released, considered the last true Research Unix, with improved portability and the Bourne shell. #unix #computing
By Huihermit - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30560188
1980 CE
Xerox Alto and GUI Influence
Xerox PARC's Alto computer features a graphical user interface and desktop metaphor, influencing future operating systems. #computing #history
By Bc4040 - Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=182272027
1981 CE
MS-DOS Released
Microsoft releases MS-DOS for the IBM PC, becoming the dominant operating system for personal computers. #computing #history
By The original uploader was Andrewpmk at English Wikipedia. - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Codename Lisa., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26299991
1983 CE
GNU Project Announced
Richard Stallman announces the GNU Project to create a free Unix-like operating system, leading to the GNU General Public License. #opensource #computing
By Aurelio A. Heckert <aurium@gmail.com> - gnu.org, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=457923
1984 CE
Apple Macintosh System 1
Apple releases the Macintosh with System 1, featuring a graphical user interface and mouse, popularizing the GUI. #computing #history
1985 CE
Microsoft Windows 1.0 Released
Microsoft releases Windows 1.0, a graphical extension for MS-DOS, laying the foundation for future Windows versions. #computing #history
1987 CE
Minix Released
Andrew Tanenbaum releases Minix, a Unix-like operating system for educational purposes, which inspires Linux. #computing #education
By Software: Minix developers Screenshot: VulcanSphere - Self-taken; derivative work, BSD, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=108002292
1987 CE
POSIX Standard Initiated
IEEE begins work on POSIX, a set of standards for Unix-like operating system interfaces, ensuring compatibility. #standards #unix
Aug 25, 1991 CE
Linux Kernel Announced
Linus Torvalds announces the Linux kernel on comp.os.minix, starting development of a free Unix-like kernel. #linux #opensource
By Larry Ewing, Simon Budig, Garrett LeSage - https://isc.tamu.edu/~lewing/linux/, http://www.home.unix-ag.org/simon/penguin/, garrett/Tux on GitHub, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=753970
1992 CE
Linux Licensed Under GPL
Torvalds re-licenses Linux under the GNU General Public License, enabling widespread collaboration. #linux #opensource
1993 CE
FreeBSD 1.0 Released
FreeBSD 1.0 is released, based on BSD Unix, becoming a popular open-source operating system. #unix #opensource
By Software: The FreeBSD Project Screenshot: VulcanSphere - Self-taken; derivative work, BSD, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=115317849
1995 CE
Windows 95 Released
Microsoft releases Windows 95, integrating MS-DOS and Windows with a new GUI, plug-and-play, and internet support. #computing #history
1996 CE
POSIX.1 Standard Published
The POSIX.1 standard (IEEE 1003.1) is published, defining core services for Unix-like operating systems. #standards #unix
1997 CE
BeOS Released
Be Inc. releases BeOS, a multimedia-focused operating system with a modern kernel and GUI. #computing #history
By ™/®Access Systems Americas - Extracted and modified by VulcanSphere based on File:Beos-logo.png, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=115382713
2000 CE
Mac OS X Public Beta
Apple releases Mac OS X Public Beta, based on the Unix-derived Darwin kernel, combining stability with a user-friendly interface. #apple #unix
2001 CE
Windows XP Released
Microsoft releases Windows XP, merging consumer and business lines with a new GUI and improved stability. #computing #history
2003 CE
Fedora Linux Distribution Launched
Fedora is launched as a community-supported Linux distribution sponsored by Red Hat, promoting rapid innovation. #linux #opensource
By The Fedora Project - Distro: Fedora Linux (Taken by: Daichungus), GPL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=190861801
2004 CE
Ubuntu Linux First Release
Ubuntu 4.10 is released, aiming to make Linux user-friendly and accessible, quickly gaining popularity. #linux #opensource
By Canonical Ltd. - https://assets.ubuntu.com/v1/ff6a9a38-ubuntu-logo-2022.svg, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=117107494
2005 CE
Solaris 10 Released with DTrace and ZFS
Sun Microsystems releases Solaris 10, introducing DTrace for dynamic tracing and ZFS for advanced file systems. #unix #computing
By Oracle, et al. - Screenshot, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=158126386
2007 CE
iPhone OS (iOS) Released
Apple releases the iPhone with iPhone OS, a mobile operating system based on Darwin, revolutionizing smartphones. #mobile #apple
By Original: Apple Inc. Vectorization: Totie - Own work using: https://www.apple.com, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=59644784
2008 CE
Android 1.0 Released
Google releases Android 1.0, an open-source mobile OS based on Linux, becoming the dominant smartphone platform. #mobile #linux )
2009 CE
Google Chrome OS Announced
Google announces Chrome OS, a Linux-based operating system focused on web applications and cloud computing. #cloud #linux
2011 CE
Windows 8 Introduces Metro UI
Microsoft releases Windows 8 with a touch-optimized Metro interface, marking a shift towards hybrid devices. #computing #history
2013 CE
Docker Containerization Platform Released
Docker is released, popularizing containerization on Linux, enabling lightweight virtualization and DevOps practices. #cloud #devops )
By Software: Docker, Inc.Screenshot: VulcanSphere - Self-taken; derivative work, Apache License 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=182060522
2014 CE
Kubernetes 1.0 Released
Google releases Kubernetes 1.0, an open-source container orchestration system, becoming the standard for cloud-native applications. #cloud #devops
2015 CE
Windows 10 Released
Microsoft releases Windows 10, unifying the OS across devices with a return to the Start Menu and universal apps. #computing #history
2016 CE
macOS Sierra Released
Apple renames OS X to macOS Sierra, integrating Siri and cloud features, continuing the Unix-based evolution. #apple #unix
2017 CE
Linux Kernel 4.0 Released
Linux kernel 4.0 is released, featuring live patching and improved support for modern hardware. #linux #opensource
2019 CE
Windows 11 Announced
Microsoft announces Windows 11 with a redesigned UI, Android app support, and enhanced security features. #computing #history
2020 CE
Rise of Cloud Operating Systems
Cloud operating systems like AWS Bottlerocket and Google's Container-Optimized OS gain traction, optimized for container workloads. #cloud #linux
By Sam Johnston - Created by Sam Johnston using OmniGroup's OmniGraffle and Inkscape (includes Computer.svg by Sasa Stefanovic) This W3C-unspecified vector image was created with Inkscape ., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6080417
2021 CE
Linux Kernel 5.10 LTS Released
Linux kernel 5.10 LTS is released, providing long-term support for enterprise and embedded systems. #linux #opensource
2022 CE
Windows 11 Adoption and ARM Support
Windows 11 expands ARM support, enabling native emulation for x64 apps, bridging the gap with mobile architectures. #computing #history
2023 CE
Linux Kernel 6.0 Released
Linux kernel 6.0 is released, with improvements in performance, security, and hardware support, continuing its dominance. #linux #opensource