Encyclopedia/4. Arts & Literature/3. Music, Theatre & Performance/05. Asian Popular Music (Mandopop, J-Pop, K-Pop) • Curated by Admin Timeline.sg
This timeline covers the golden era of Mandopop and C-Pop, from its roots in early 20th-century Shanghai to the rise of Taiwanese and mainland Chinese pop stars in the 1990s and 2000s. It highlights key milestones, breakthrough artists, and cultural shifts that defined the genre.
Chronological Storyline (49 Milestones)
1927 CE
First Chinese Pop Song Released
Li Jinhui (黎锦晖, Lí Jǐnhuī)'s 'The Drizzle' (毛毛雨, Máomao Yǔ) is considered the first Chinese pop song, blending traditional folk with Western jazz influences. It marked the birth of shidaiqu (时代曲, shídàiqǔ), the precursor to Mandopop. #Mandopop #shidaiqu #history
1930年代的黎锦晖 By Unknown author - https://epaper.gmw.cn/zhdsb/html/2022-04/06/nw.D110000zhdsb_20220406_1-14.htm, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=147410382
1934 CE
Zhou Xuan Becomes 'Golden Voice'
Zhou Xuan (周璇, Zhōu Xuán), known as the 'Golden Voice' (金嗓子, Jīn Sǎngzi), rose to fame with songs like 'The Wandering Songstress' (天涯歌女, Tiānyá Gēnǚ). She became the first major Mandopop star, influencing generations. #Mandopop #goldenvoice #shidaiqu
Photo of Chinese singer and actress Zhou Xuan (1918 - 1957) By Unknown author - http://spanish.china.org.cn/photos/txt/2007-09/28/content_8977370_5.htm, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4768363
1949 CE
Mandopop Moves to Taiwan and Hong Kong
After the Chinese Communist Revolution, many Shanghai musicians fled to Taiwan (台湾, Táiwān) and Hong Kong (香港, Xiānggǎng), establishing new hubs for Mandopop. This diaspora shaped the genre's evolution. #Mandopop #diaspora #history
1957 CE
Grace Chang's 'The Wild Goose'
Grace Chang (葛兰, Gé Lán)'s hit 'The Wild Goose' (野玫瑰之恋, Yě Méigui zhī Liàn) popularized Mandarin pop in Hong Kong (香港, Xiānggǎng) cinema. Her style blended traditional Chinese melodies with Western orchestration. #Mandopop #HongKong #cinema
actress Grace Chang By Unknown author - http://www.booksloverhk.com/poetrecent49_liu_add._5b.htm, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50071480
1960 CE
Teresa Teng Begins Career
Teresa Teng (邓丽君, Dèng Lìjūn) started her singing career in Taiwan (台湾, Táiwān), later becoming the most influential Mandopop artist. Her sweet voice and emotional ballads transcended borders. #Mandopop #TeresaTeng #legend
民國58年7月19日，台中縣豐原鎮救國團舉行歷屆好人好事代表聯誼晚會，於育樂中心舉行，由民俗改進會理事長致詞。民俗改善歌合唱團的數十位男女團員，以悅耳的歌聲為晚會帶來溫馨的氣氛。會場內人山人海，影星劉明、莊明珠，以及中廣電台的歌星們都前來參加義演。鄧麗君甜美的歌聲更是風靡了全場觀眾。最後由電視、電台演員演出戲劇《孤雛淚》。 By 台灣電影文化公司；台中縣好人好事代表聯誼會 - https://openmuseum.tw/muse/digi_object/00a333a736b299a1c7611d4e61969b08#17578, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=176063517
1963 CE
First Mandopop Music Awards in Taiwan
The Golden Melody Awards (金曲奖, Jīnqǔ Jiǎng) were established in Taiwan (台湾, Táiwān), recognizing excellence in Mandarin pop music. They became the most prestigious awards in the industry. #Mandopop #awards #Taiwan
1967 CE
Teresa Teng's Signature Ballad
Teresa Teng (邓丽君, Dèng Lìjūn) released her signature song 'The Moon Represents My Heart' (月亮代表我的心, Yuèliang Dàibiǎo Wǒ de Xīn), which became an enduring classic. It epitomized the romantic ballads of the era. #Mandopop #TeresaTeng #classic
1970 CE
Campus Folk Songs Rise in Taiwan
The Campus Folk Song (校园民歌, Xiàoyuán Míngē) movement emerged in Taiwan (台湾, Táiwān), with artists like Lo Ta-yu (罗大佑, Luó Dàyòu) and Chyi Yu (齐豫, Qí Yù). It emphasized acoustic guitar and poetic lyrics, influencing later Mandopop. #Mandopop #folksong #Taiwan
1972 CE
Teresa Teng's Cross-Asia Hit
Teresa Teng (邓丽君, Dèng Lìjūn)'s song 'When Will You Return?' (何日君再来, Hé Rì Jūn Zài Lái) became a massive hit across Asia, including mainland China (中国大陆, Zhōngguó Dàlù). It was often associated with nostalgia and longing. #Mandopop #TeresaTeng #nostalgia
Teresa Teng's 'When Will You Return?' By Unknown author - http://blog.163.com/qiancan_g/blog/static/14063145920111691423413/, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4775501
1974 CE
Lo Ta-yu's 'The Olive Tree'
Lo Ta-yu (罗大佑, Luó Dàyòu) released 'The Olive Tree' (橄榄树, Gǎnlǎn Shù), a folk-inspired song that became an anthem for the campus folk movement. It showcased poetic lyrics and social commentary. #Mandopop #folksong #Taiwan
Lo Ta-yu's 'The Olive Tree' By Daniel M Shih - https://www.flickr.com/photos/dans180/5363703807/, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=107059618
1979 CE
Teresa Teng's Music Banned in China
During the Cultural Revolution (文化大革命, Wénhuà Dà Gémìng), Teresa Teng (邓丽君, Dèng Lìjūn)'s music was banned in mainland China (中国大陆, Zhōngguó Dàlù) as 'yellow music' (黄色音乐, huángsè yīnyuè). Despite this, her songs were smuggled and widely loved. #Mandopop #TeresaTeng #CulturalRevolution
1980 CE
Liu Wen-cheng's 'The Wanderer'
Liu Wen-cheng (刘文正, Liú Wénzhèng), a Taiwanese (台湾, Táiwān) singer, released 'The Wanderer' (三月里的小雨, Sān Yuè Lǐ de Xiǎoyǔ), a hit that blended pop with traditional elements. He became a teen idol in the early 1980s. #Mandopop #Taiwan #idol
1982 CE
Fei Yu-ching's 'A Smile'
Fei Yu-ching (费玉清, Fèi Yùqīng)'s song 'A Smile' (一剪梅, Yī Jiǎn Méi) became a classic, known for his clear tenor voice. He later gained fame as a TV host and singer. #Mandopop #Taiwan #classic
2012/11/10費玉清彰化演唱會吸引滿場忠實歌迷 By 彰化縣政府 - http://www2.chcg.gov.tw/main/main_act/main_print.asp?main_id=2718&act_id=10, Attribution, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=90942209
1984 CE
Teresa Teng's 'I Only Care About You'
Teresa Teng (邓丽君, Dèng Lìjūn) released 'I Only Care About You' (我只在乎你, Wǒ Zhǐ Zàihu Nǐ), another timeless ballad. Her music continued to dominate charts across Asia. #Mandopop #TeresaTeng #ballad
1986 CE
Cui Jian's Rock Anthem
Cui Jian (崔健, Cuī Jiàn), the 'Father of Chinese Rock' (中国摇滚之父, Zhōngguó Yáogǔn zhī Fù), released 'Nothing to My Name' (一无所有, Yī Wú Suǒ Yǒu) in Mandarin. Though rock, it influenced Mandopop with its rebellious spirit. #Mandopop #rock #China
Cui Jian in 1993 By Petra Gall, Schwule Museum - This image has been extracted from another file, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=172920283
1987 CE
Chyi Yu's Breakthrough Album
Chyi Yu (齐豫, Qí Yù)'s album 'Chyi Yu's Story' (敢梦, Gǎn Mèng) featured folk-pop hits like 'The Olive Tree' (橄榄树, Gǎnlǎn Shù). Her ethereal voice set a new standard for female singers. #Mandopop #folksong #Taiwan
chyi yu in 2012 concert By Hweimeng - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=135656008
1988 CE
Cantopop-Mandopop Crossovers Rise
Cantopop (粤语流行曲, Yuèyǔ Liúxíngqǔ) stars like Leslie Cheung (张国荣, Zhāng Guóróng) and Anita Mui (梅艳芳, Méi Yànfāng) began recording Mandarin (国语, Guóyǔ) versions of their hits, boosting Mandopop's popularity in Hong Kong (香港, Xiānggǎng) and beyond. #Mandopop #Cantopop #crossover
張國榮蠟像 By 倪少寅 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=148699025
1989 CE
Tiananmen Protests Impact Music
The Tiananmen Square protests (天安门广场抗议, Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng Kàngyì) led to censorship and a shift in Mandopop themes. Artists like Lo Ta-yu (罗大佑, Luó Dàyòu) released politically charged songs. #Mandopop #politics #China
China 1989, Student protest at Tienanmen Square, photo by Jiri Tondl By Jiří Tondl (Blow up) - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=68125236
1990 CE
Emil Chau's Romantic Ballad
Emil Chau (周华健, Zhōu Huájiàn), also known as Wakin Chau (周华健, Zhōu Huájiàn), released 'You Are My Only' (让我欢喜让我忧, Ràng Wǒ Huānxǐ Ràng Wǒ Yōu), a romantic ballad that became a karaoke favorite. He became a major Mandopop star. #Mandopop #Taiwan #ballad
Hong Kong (香港, Xiānggǎng) rock band Beyond ( beyond, Biànd) released a Mandarin (国语, Guóyǔ) version of 'Glorious Years' (光辉岁月, Guānghuī Suìyuè), crossing over into Mandopop. The song became an anthem for social change. #Mandopop #rock #HongKong
1992 CE
Faye Wong's Debut Album
Faye Wong (王菲, Wáng Fēi) released her debut Mandarin album 'Shirley' (王靖雯, Wáng Jìngwén), showcasing her unique voice. She later became one of the most influential C-Pop divas. #Mandopop #C-Pop #debut
Faye Wong Concert Tour 2011, Kuala Lumpur By Brandon Lim - Flickr: [1], CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=65200444
1993 CE
Jacky Cheung's 'The Goodbye Kiss'
Jacky Cheung (张学友, Zhāng Xuéyǒu), one of the 'Four Heavenly Kings' (四大天王, Sì Dà Tiānwáng), released 'The Goodbye Kiss' (吻别, Wěn Bié) in Mandarin. The song solidified his status as a Mandopop superstar. #Mandopop #FourHeavenlyKings #HongKong
Jacky Cheung on his 51st birthday party, Sheraton Hotel, Hong Kong By wannafly - own photography, photographed under permission., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=120331057
1994 CE
Andy Lau's 'Forget Love Potion'
Andy Lau (刘德华, Liú Déhuá) released 'Forget Love Potion' (忘情水, Wàngqíng Shuǐ), a hit that blended pop with Chinese instrumentation. He became a leading figure in Mandopop and cinema. #Mandopop #FourHeavenlyKings #HongKong
刘德华 林志玲 北京电影节 By mR.Hom - http://mrhom.lofter.com/post/251f03_85dd92, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=110891832
1995 CE
Teresa Teng Dies at 42
Teresa Teng (邓丽君, Dèng Lìjūn) passed away from a severe asthma attack, shocking fans worldwide. Her legacy as the 'Eternal Queen of Mandopop' (华语乐坛永恒的歌后, Huáyǔ Yuètán Yǒnghéng de Gēhòu) remains unmatched. #Mandopop #TeresaTeng #obituary
1996 CE
A-Mei's Debut 'Sisters'
Taiwanese (台湾, Táiwān) aboriginal singer A-Mei (阿妹, Ā Mèi), born Chang Hui-mei (张惠妹, Zhāng Huìmèi), released her debut album 'Sisters' (姐妹, Jiěmèi), which sold over 1 million copies. She became a Mandopop icon. #Mandopop #Taiwan #debut
ASMR TOUR IN Zhengzhou By User160802 - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=144670773
1997 CE
Faye Wong's Experimental Album
Faye Wong (王菲, Wáng Fēi)'s album 'You're the Only One' (只爱陌生人, Zhǐ Ài Mòshēngrén) featured experimental sounds and her signature ethereal style. It won critical acclaim and commercial success. #Mandopop #C-Pop #experimental
1998 CE
Ren Xianqi's 'Heart Too Soft'
Ren Xianqi (任贤齐, Rèn Xiánqí), also known as Richie Jen (任贤齐, Rèn Xiánqí), released 'Heart Too Soft' (心太软, Xīn Tài Ruǎn), a ballad that became a massive hit across Asia. He became known as the 'Prince of Love Songs' (情歌王子, Qínggē Wángzǐ). #Mandopop #Taiwan #ballad
2022年的任贤齐 By 中国新闻网 - YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJDTFGqQmp8 – View/save archived versions on archive.org, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=116791550
1999 CE
Jay Chou's Debut 'Jay'
Jay Chou (周杰伦, Zhōu Jiélún) released his self-titled debut album, blending R&B, hip-hop, and traditional Chinese music. He revolutionized Mandopop and became a global phenomenon. #Mandopop #C-Pop #debut
Jay Chou at an event in Shanghai, China on July 3, 2023. By Play大明星 - 網傳「人民幣10萬」可跟周杰倫合照 主辦單位緊急回應親揭真相, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=150182085
2000 CE
Wang Leehom's 'Revolution'
Wang Leehom (王力宏, Wáng Lìhóng)'s album 'Revolution' (永远的第一天, Yǒngyuǎn de Dì Yī Tiān) fused hip-hop with Chinese elements, showcasing his versatility. He became a leading figure in Mandopop's modernization. #Mandopop #C-Pop #fusion
Wang Leehom at the 2018 Macau International Movie & Television Festival with the Golden Lotus Awards for Best Actor By Hongsheng Culture, Inc. 宏聲音樂有限公司 - Provided by Hongsheng Culture, Inc., CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=75747910
2001 CE
Jolin Tsai's 'Don't Stop'
Jolin Tsai (蔡依林, Cài Yīlín) released 'Don't Stop' (Don't Stop), an upbeat dance-pop album that established her as the 'Queen of C-Pop' (C-Pop 天后, C-Pop Tiānhòu). She became known for her choreography and style. #Mandopop #C-Pop #dancepop
蔡依林Jolin出席王国大帝全球巡回赛现场 By Алый Король - This image has been extracted from another file: File:蔡依林出席王国大帝全球巡回赛现场.jpg.The source file was deleted for reasons that may or may not affect this image., CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=72149380
2002 CE
Jay Chou's 'The Eight Dimensions'
Jay Chou (周杰伦, Zhōu Jiélún)'s album 'The Eight Dimensions' (八度空间, Bā Dù Kōngjiān) won multiple Golden Melody Awards (金曲奖, Jīnqǔ Jiǎng). It featured hits like 'Simple Love' (简单爱, Jiǎndān Ài) and 'The Last Battle' (最后的战役, Zuìhòu de Zhànyì). #Mandopop #JayChou #awards
2003 CE
S.H.E's 'Super Star'
Taiwanese (台湾, Táiwān) girl group S.H.E (女朋友, Nǚpéngyou) released 'Super Star' (Super Star), a pop-rock hit that became an anthem. They became one of the best-selling Mandopop groups. #Mandopop #girlgroup #Taiwan
S.H.E at a fundraising event in 2014 By 何等幸福平面攝影工作室 - https://www.flickr.com/photos/h5712180000/14856515765/, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=150408478
2004 CE
Stefanie Sun's Self-Titled Album
Singaporean (新加坡, Xīnjiāpō) singer Stefanie Sun (孙燕姿, Sūn Yànzī) released her self-titled album, featuring hits like 'My Love' (我的爱, Wǒ de Ài). She became a major Mandopop star in Asia. #Mandopop #Singapore #C-Pop
孙燕姿 echo回声嘉年华 By 我是CK不是CK - http://ckkhhh.lofter.com/post/1d6ddbde_c043651, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=67496137
2005 CE
Jay Chou's 'November's Chopin'
Jay Chou (周杰伦, Zhōu Jiélún)'s album 'November's Chopin' (十一月的萧邦, Shíyī Yuè de Xiāobāng) showcased his classical piano influences. The title track became a classic, blending pop with Chopin's style. #Mandopop #JayChou #classical
2006 CE
Jolin Tsai's 'Dancing Diva'
Jolin Tsai (蔡依林, Cài Yīlín)'s album 'Dancing Diva' (舞娘, Wǔ Niáng) won Best Mandarin Album at the Golden Melody Awards (金曲奖, Jīnqǔ Jiǎng). It solidified her status as a dance-pop icon. #Mandopop #JolinTsai #awards
2007 CE
Wang Leehom's 'Change Me'
Wang Leehom (王力宏, Wáng Lìhóng)'s album 'Change Me' (改变自己, Gǎibiàn Zìjǐ) featured the hit 'Kiss Goodbye' (Kiss Goodbye), a ballad that became a wedding staple. He continued to push musical boundaries. #Mandopop #C-Pop #ballad
2008 CE
Beijing Olympics Features Mandopop
The Beijing (北京, Běijīng) Olympics opening ceremony included performances by Mandopop stars like Liu Huan (刘欢, Liú Huān) and Sarah Brightman. It showcased Mandopop to a global audience. #Mandopop #Olympics #China
Fireworks By wuqiang_beijing - https://web.archive.org/web/20161012030731/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/13569222, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49616537
2009 CE
Super Girl Phenomenon in China
The Chinese talent show 'Super Girl' (超级女声, Chāojí Nǚshēng, 2005-2009) launched stars like Li Yuchun (李宇春, Lǐ Yǔchūn) and Zhang Liangying (张靓颖, Zhāng Liàngyǐng). It revolutionized the music industry and fan culture. #Mandopop #talent show #China
Poster Photo for Super, Girls! By JPapish - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6876972
2010 CE
Jay Chou's 'The Era' World Tour
Jay Chou (周杰伦, Zhōu Jiélún)'s 'The Era' (超时代, Chāo Shídài) world tour sold out arenas across Asia, demonstrating his massive popularity. He incorporated Chinese elements into his performances. #Mandopop #JayChou #tour
2011 CE
Mayday's 'Second Round'
Taiwanese (台湾, Táiwān) rock band Mayday (五月天, Wǔ Yuè Tiān) released 'Second Round' (第二人生, Dì Èr Rénshēng), an album that won Best Band at the Golden Melody Awards (金曲奖, Jīnqǔ Jiǎng). They became icons of Mandopop rock. #Mandopop #rock #Taiwan
-五月天 人生无限公司-长沙 By 大梦谭 (Englishtan) - http://tbx55.lofter.com/post/1d3bc1d9_12a4da05, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=69395740
2012 CE
G.E.M.'s Breakthrough 'Xposed'
Hong Kong (香港, Xiānggǎng) singer G.E.M. (邓紫棋, Dèng Zǐqí), born Tang Tsz-kei (邓诗颖, Dèng Shīyǐng), released 'Xposed' (Xposed), her breakthrough album. Her powerful vocals and songwriting earned her critical acclaim. #Mandopop #C-Pop #HongKong
G.E.M. in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China. By GEM_Ady (GEM_brilliant) - https://huiziady.lofter.com/post/1d2ac5a6_1cbed916e, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=142181950
2013 CE
Jay Chou's '12 New Works'
Jay Chou (周杰伦, Zhōu Jiélún)'s album '12 New Works' (12新作, 12 Xīnzuò) featured the hit 'Mojito' (Mojito), a Latin-infused song. It showed his ability to evolve while maintaining his signature style. #Mandopop #JayChou #Mojito
2014 CE
Jolin Tsai's 'Play'
Jolin Tsai (蔡依林, Cài Yīlín)'s album 'Play' (呸, Pēi) won Best Mandarin Album at the Golden Melody Awards (金曲奖, Jīnqǔ Jiǎng). It featured experimental electronic and hip-hop elements. #Mandopop #JolinTsai #experimental
2015 CE
Khalil Fong's 'Journey to the West'
Hong Kong (香港, Xiānggǎng) singer Khalil Fong (方大同, Fāng Dàtóng) released 'Journey to the West' (西游记, Xī Yóu Jì), a soulful album blending R&B with Chinese themes. He won Best Male Singer at the Golden Melody Awards (金曲奖, Jīnqǔ Jiǎng). #Mandopop #R&B #HongKong
We high fived in the end Don't worry...I didn't stop washing my hands By Karen Ka Ying Wong from Melbourne, Australia - So Close!, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=161521003
2016 CE
JJ Lin's 'From M.E. to Myself'
Singaporean (新加坡, Xīnjiāpō) singer JJ Lin (林俊杰, Lín Jùnjié) released 'From M.E. to Myself' (和自己对话, Hé Zìjǐ Duìhuà), an album that won Best Mandarin Album at the Golden Melody Awards (金曲奖, Jīnqǔ Jiǎng). He became a leading Mandopop artist. #Mandopop #Singapore #awards
2025JJLin at 2025AsiaArtistAward.jpg By Abc0218 - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=192504761
2017 CE
Hua Chenyu's Self-Titled Album
Chinese (中国, Zhōngguó) singer Hua Chenyu (华晨宇, Huá Chényǔ) released his self-titled album, showcasing his unique vocal style and theatrical performances. He became a new generation icon. #Mandopop #C-Pop #China
华晨宇 2017火星 演唱会 By 蔚伊不是卫衣oO_yu - http://yuyibushiweiyiooyu.lofter.com/post/1f1ffd1e_116d26e2, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=65343439
2018 CE
Cai Xukun's Solo Debut
Cai Xukun (蔡徐坤, Cài Xúkūn) debuted as a solo artist after winning the talent show 'Idol Producer' (偶像练习生, Ǒuxiàng Liànxíshēng). He became a leading figure in Chinese idol pop. #Mandopop #idol #China
Artist By Noodlezhumi - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=181651267
2019 CE
Mayday's 'Life of the Planet'
Mayday (五月天, Wǔ Yuè Tiān)'s album 'Life of the Planet' (自传, Zìzhuàn) won Best Band at the Golden Melody Awards (金曲奖, Jīnqǔ Jiǎng). It reflected on life and society, resonating with fans. #Mandopop #rock #Taiwan
2020 CE
Mandopop Goes Global
Mandopop artists like Jay Chou (周杰伦, Zhōu Jiélún) and Jolin Tsai (蔡依林, Cài Yīlín) collaborated with international acts, including BTS. This cross-cultural exchange expanded Mandopop's global reach. #Mandopop #global #collaboration
