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Battery Technology & Electric Vehicles: Lithium-Ion, CATL & BYD

Encyclopedia/2. Technology & The Built World/4. Energy & Transportation/05. Battery Technology & EVs  •  Curated by Admin Timeline.sg

The clean transportation revolution: Goodenough Lithium-ion battery Nobel, Sony commercialization, Tesla Model S, CATL battery manufacturing, and BYD EV integration.

Chronological Storyline (43 Milestones)

1976 CE

Whittingham Invents First Lithium Battery

Stanley Whittingham at Exxon creates the first rechargeable lithium battery using titanium disulfide and lithium metal. This pioneering work lays the foundation for future lithium-ion technology. #battery #lithium #invention

Li ion battery from a laptop computer.
Li ion battery from a laptop computer.
By Kristoferb - Own work (enwiki), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12279566
1980 CE

Goodenough Discovers Lithium Cobalt Oxide

John B. Goodenough at Oxford identifies lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) as a cathode material, enabling higher voltage and energy density. This breakthrough is crucial for commercial lithium-ion batteries. #battery #lithium #cathode

Ball-and-stick model of part of the crystal structure of lithium cobalt oxide, LiCoO2. Structural data from Yang Shao-Horn, Laurence Croguennec, Claude Delmas, E. Chris Nelson and Michael A. O'Keefem (July 2003). "Atomic resolution of lithium ions in LiCoO2". Nature Materials 2 (7): 464 - 467. DOI:10.1038/nmat922. Image generated in Accelrys DS Visualizer.
Ball-and-stick model of part of the crystal structure of lithium cobalt oxide, LiCoO2. Structural data from Yang Shao-Horn, Laurence Croguennec, Claude Delmas, E. Chris Nelson and Michael A. O'Keefem (July 2003). "Atomic resolution of lithium ions in LiCoO2". Nature Materials 2 (7): 464 - 467. DOI:10.1038/nmat922. Image generated in Accelrys DS Visualizer.
By Ben Mills - Own work, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4462656
1985 CE

Yoshino Develops First Lithium-Ion Prototype

Akira Yoshino at Asahi Kasei builds the first lithium-ion battery prototype using a carbon anode and LiCoO2 cathode. This design eliminates unsafe lithium metal, making batteries practical. #battery #lithiumion #prototype

Yoshino Develops First Lithium-Ion Prototype
Yoshino Develops First Lithium-Ion Prototype
By 大臣官房人事課 - 令和元年度 文化勲章受章者:文部科学省, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=83765904
1991 CE

Sony Commercializes Lithium-Ion Battery

Sony launches the first commercial lithium-ion battery, powering the Sony Handycam. This marks the beginning of widespread use in portable electronics. #battery #sony #commercialization

Sony Commercializes Lithium-Ion Battery
Sony Commercializes Lithium-Ion Battery
By Kristoferb - Own work (enwiki), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12279566
1994 CE

Panasonic Begins Lithium-Ion Production

Panasonic starts mass-producing lithium-ion batteries, becoming a major supplier for electronics and later for Tesla. This expands battery availability globally. #battery #panasonic #manufacturing

Panasonic Corporation Headquarters in Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
Panasonic Corporation Headquarters in Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
By Pokarin - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14581490
1996 CE

Padhi and Goodenough Discover Lithium Iron Phosphate

Akshaya Padhi and John Goodenough identify lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) as a cathode material. LFP offers safety and long life, becoming key for EVs and storage. #battery #LFP #cathode

​AA尺寸的磷酸铁锂电池
​AA尺寸的磷酸铁锂电池
By 1miloliu - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=95175589
Jul 1, 2003 CE

Tesla Motors Founded

Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning found Tesla Motors (later Tesla, Inc.) to produce electric vehicles. The company aims to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable energy. #EV #tesla #electriccar

Logo of the American car manufacturer and technology company Tesla, Inc.
Logo of the American car manufacturer and technology company Tesla, Inc.
By Tesla, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50957953
Feb 1, 2004 CE

Elon Musk Joins Tesla as Chairman

Elon Musk leads Tesla's Series A funding and becomes chairman. He later becomes CEO, driving the company's vision for high-performance EVs. #tesla #elonmusk #EV

Elon Musk at the Memorial for Charlie Kirk at State Farm Stadium in Glendale, Arizona.
Elon Musk at the Memorial for Charlie Kirk at State Farm Stadium in Glendale, Arizona.
By Gage Skidmore - https://www.flickr.com/photos/gageskidmore/54820081119/, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=176789450
Jul 19, 2006 CE

Tesla Roadster Unveiled

Tesla unveils the Roadster, a high-performance electric sports car using lithium-ion cells. It proves EVs can be fast and desirable, with a range over 200 miles. #tesla #roadster #EV )

Tesla Roadster is sold throughout North America, Europe and Asia.
Tesla Roadster is sold throughout North America, Europe and Asia.
By Tesla Motors Inc., Copyrighted free use, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12626109
Mar 17, 2008 CE

Tesla Roadster Production Begins

Tesla starts production of the Roadster, the first highway-legal serial production all-electric car using lithium-ion batteries. It sets a new standard for EV performance. #tesla #production #EV )

Dec 15, 2008 CE

BYD F3DM Plug-in Hybrid Debuts

BYD Auto introduces the F3DM, the world's first mass-produced plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. It uses BYD's own iron-phosphate batteries, showcasing vertical integration. #BYD #PHEV #EV

BYD F3DM plug-in hybrid in Bilbao, Spain
BYD F3DM plug-in hybrid in Bilbao, Spain
By Mariordo (Mario Roberto Duran Ortiz) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19687537
Dec 1, 2010 CE

Nissan Leaf and Chevy Volt Launch

Nissan launches the Leaf, a pure EV, and GM launches the Chevy Volt, a plug-in hybrid. Both use lithium-ion batteries, bringing mainstream EVs to market. #EV #nissan #chevrolet

Nissan Leaf (ZE2) at autoMOBIL Tübingen 2025
Nissan Leaf (ZE2) at autoMOBIL Tübingen 2025
By Alexander Migl - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=176611374
2011 CE

CATL Founded

Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) is founded in Ningde, China. It will become the world's largest battery manufacturer, supplying major automakers. #battery #CATL #manufacturing

CATL in Arnstadt
CATL in Arnstadt
By Giorno2 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=108135312
Jun 22, 2012 CE

Tesla Model S Deliveries Begin

Tesla begins deliveries of the Model S, a luxury all-electric sedan with a range over 250 miles. It receives critical acclaim and sets new benchmarks for EVs. #tesla #models #EV

Tesla Model S 90 D
Tesla Model S 90 D
By Peteratkins - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=163417196
Jun 12, 2014 CE

Tesla Opens EV Patents

Elon Musk announces Tesla will not initiate patent lawsuits against anyone using its technology in good faith. This move aims to accelerate EV adoption. #tesla #patents #opensource

Logo of the American car manufacturer and technology company Tesla, Inc.
Logo of the American car manufacturer and technology company Tesla, Inc.
By Tesla, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50957953
Sep 4, 2014 CE

Tesla Gigafactory 1 Announced

Tesla announces plans for a massive battery factory in Nevada to reduce costs and scale production. The Gigafactory becomes a model for large-scale battery manufacturing. #tesla #gigafactory #battery

Tesla Gigafactory 1 - December 2019
Tesla Gigafactory 1 - December 2019
By Smnt - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=85278008
Apr 30, 2015 CE

Tesla Powerwall Unveiled

Tesla introduces the Powerwall home battery and Powerpack utility-scale storage. These products expand lithium-ion use beyond vehicles to grid storage. #tesla #energystorage #powerwall

Double stacked Tesla Powerwall in Upstate NY. This home now has on demand energy when needed.
Double stacked Tesla Powerwall in Upstate NY. This home now has on demand energy when needed.
By Photo by Greg Johnstone. – U.S. Department of Energy from United States - Johnstone_000178_172617_517894_4578, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=74497058
Mar 31, 2016 CE

Tesla Model 3 Revealed

Tesla unveils the Model 3, a more affordable EV aimed at mass market. It receives over 325,000 reservations in the first week, signaling huge demand. #tesla #model3 #EV

Tesla Model 3 (2023) at Autofrühling Ulm
Tesla Model 3 (2023) at Autofrühling Ulm
By Alexander-93 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=147982973
2017 CE

CATL Becomes Top Battery Supplier

CATL surpasses Panasonic in lithium-ion battery production volume, driven by China's EV boom. It supplies BMW, Volkswagen, and other major automakers. #battery #CATL #manufacturing

Jul 1, 2018 CE

Tesla Hits 5K Model 3 Weekly

Tesla achieves a production rate of 5,000 Model 3s per week after overcoming bottlenecks. This milestone proves mass-market EV production is viable. #tesla #production #EV

Oct 9, 2019 CE

Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Lithium-Ion

John B. Goodenough, Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing lithium-ion batteries. The award recognizes their transformative impact. #nobel #battery #lithiumion

Description: Front side (obverse) of one of the Nobel Prize medals in Physiology or Medicine awarded in 1950 to researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.
Description: Front side (obverse) of one of the Nobel Prize medals in Physiology or Medicine awarded in 1950 to researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.
By Photograph: JonathunderMedal: Erik Lindberg (1873-1966) - Derivative of File:NobelPrize.JPG, PD-US, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=58432969
Mar 29, 2020 CE

BYD Blade Battery Introduced

BYD launches the Blade Battery, a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cell with a unique structure that improves safety and energy density. It passes nail penetration tests without fire. #BYD #bladebattery #safety

A BYD Dolphin photographed in Zhuhai, Guangdong province, China
A BYD Dolphin photographed in Zhuhai, Guangdong province, China
By User3204 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=130681354
Sep 22, 2020 CE

Tesla Battery Day Unveils 4680 Cells

Tesla announces the 4680 battery cell with tabless design, promising higher energy density and lower cost. The cell aims to reduce cost per kWh by 56%. #tesla #4680 #battery

Tesla Model Y Premium (Facelift)
Tesla Model Y Premium (Facelift)
By © M 93 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=191316098
Jul 29, 2021 CE

CATL Unveils Sodium-Ion Battery

CATL introduces a sodium-ion battery with energy density of 160 Wh/kg, offering a low-cost alternative for energy storage. It highlights diversification beyond lithium. #battery #sodiumion #CATL

Sodium-ion battery 18650
Sodium-ion battery 18650
By Vladimir022009 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=148209137
Jun 23, 2022 CE

CATL Announces Qilin Battery

CATL launches the Qilin battery, a third-generation cell-to-pack (CTP) technology achieving 255 Wh/kg. It improves thermal management and integration. #battery #CATL #qilin

CATL in Arnstadt
CATL in Arnstadt
By Giorno2 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=108135312
Jun 1, 2022 CE

BYD Overtakes Tesla in EV Sales

BYD sells more plug-in electric vehicles than Tesla in the first half of 2022, driven by its affordable models and vertical integration. It becomes a global EV leader. #BYD #EV #sales

BYD Zhengzhou All-Terrain Circuit entrance
BYD Zhengzhou All-Terrain Circuit entrance
By iMoD Official - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PO78zDy6DkY, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=185717512
Aug 12, 2022 CE

CATL Begins Construction of 100 GWh Factory

CATL starts building a 100 GWh battery factory in Hungary to supply European automakers. It underscores the global expansion of Chinese battery makers. #battery #CATL #expansion

CATL in Arnstadt
CATL in Arnstadt
By Giorno2 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=108135312
Dec 1, 2022 CE

Tesla Semi Enters Volume Production

Tesla begins volume production of the Tesla Semi, an all-electric Class 8 truck with a 500-mile range. It uses high-energy-density cells and aims to decarbonize freight. #tesla #semi #truck

The Tesla Semi is a battery-electric Class 8 semi truck. Starting in December 2022, Pepsi received some deliveries of early production units. This one, operated by Pepsi, is seen near Sacramento.
The Tesla Semi is a battery-electric Class 8 semi truck. Starting in December 2022, Pepsi received some deliveries of early production units. This one, operated by Pepsi, is seen near Sacramento.
By Dllu - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=139965917
Apr 19, 2023 CE

CATL Unveils Condensed Battery for Aviation

CATL introduces a condensed battery with 500 Wh/kg for electric aviation. It uses a new electrolyte and cathode chemistry, enabling electric aircraft. #battery #aviation #CATL

Apr 19, 2023 CE

CATL's Sodium-Ion Battery Reaches 200 Wh/kg

CATL achieves 200 Wh/kg energy density in its sodium-ion battery, making it competitive with LFP for low-cost EVs and storage. Production scales up. #battery #sodiumion #CATL

Sodium-ion battery 18650
Sodium-ion battery 18650
By Vladimir022009 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=148209137
Nov 30, 2023 CE

Tesla Cybertruck Production Begins

Tesla starts production deliveries of the Cybertruck, an electric pickup with an exoskeleton design. It uses 4680 cells and targets a range over 500 miles. #tesla #cybertruck #EV

A 2024 Tesla Cybertruck Foundation Series at the 2024 Greenwich Concours d'Elegance. I feel vaguely dirty for having photographed one of these idiocies, but I can never resist a shot of any car with an uncluttered background. Weighs 6669 lbs as per the registration - absolute insanity; this is not the way forward.
A 2024 Tesla Cybertruck Foundation Series at the 2024 Greenwich Concours d'Elegance. I feel vaguely dirty for having photographed one of these idiocies, but I can never resist a shot of any car with an uncluttered background. Weighs 6669 lbs as per the registration - absolute insanity; this is not the way forward.
By Mr.choppers - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=152037030
2023 CE

CATL's M3P Battery Enters Production

CATL begins mass production of M3P batteries, a new chemistry blending LFP and NMC to improve energy density. It aims to reduce cost while maintaining performance. #battery #CATL #M3P

2023 CE

Solid-State Battery Prototypes Announced

Several companies, including Toyota and QuantumScape, announce solid-state battery prototypes with higher energy density and faster charging. Commercialization is expected by 2027. #battery #solidstate #innovation

All-solid-state battery showing the solid-state electrolyte
All-solid-state battery showing the solid-state electrolyte
By Luca Bertoli - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=91480790
2023 CE

Tesla Model Y Becomes Best-Selling EV

The Tesla Model Y becomes the world's best-selling electric vehicle globally for the full year 2023, surpassing the Model 3. Its crossover design appeals to a broad market. #tesla #modely #EV

Tesla Model Y Becomes Best-Selling EV
Tesla Model Y Becomes Best-Selling EV
By © M 93 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=191316098
2023 CE

Global EV Sales Exceed 20 Million

Annual global EV sales surpass 20 million units, driven by falling battery costs and policy support. Lithium-ion batteries dominate, with LFP gaining share. #EV #sales #growth

Tesla Model S charging at a Tesla Supercharger station in Germany
Tesla Model S charging at a Tesla Supercharger station in Germany
By Model S charging at a Tesla station.jpg: Jakob Härter derivative work: Mariordo (Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz) - This file was derived from: Model S charging at a Tesla station.jpg:, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=74291131
Jul 1, 2024 CE

BYD Achieves 10 Million Cumulative EV Sales

BYD becomes the first automaker to sell 10 million new energy vehicles (NEVs) globally. Its vertically integrated battery and EV production drives rapid growth. #BYD #EV #milestone

2024 CE

BYD Launches e-Platform 3.0 Evo

BYD introduces the e-Platform 3.0 Evo, an upgraded EV platform with integrated battery and chassis. It improves range, safety, and efficiency. #BYD #platform #EV

BYD Zhengzhou All-Terrain Circuit entrance
BYD Zhengzhou All-Terrain Circuit entrance
By iMoD Official - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PO78zDy6DkY, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=185717512
2024 CE

Tesla 4680 Cell Production Reaches 100 GWh

Tesla's 4680 cell production capacity hits 100 GWh annually, reducing battery costs significantly. The cells are used in Cybertruck, Semi, and future models. #tesla #4680 #production

Logo of the American car manufacturer and technology company Tesla, Inc.
Logo of the American car manufacturer and technology company Tesla, Inc.
By Tesla, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50957953
Mar 1, 2025 CE

BYD Launches Second-Generation Blade Battery

BYD unveils the second-generation Blade Battery with improved energy density and faster charging. It maintains the safety advantages of LFP chemistry. #BYD #bladebattery #LFP

BYD blade batteries at IAA Summit 2023 in Munich, Germany
BYD blade batteries at IAA Summit 2023 in Munich, Germany
By Matti Blume - Own work, CC BY-SA, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=137799654
2027 CE

Toyota Solid-State Battery in Limited Production

Toyota begins limited production of solid-state batteries for hybrid vehicles, promising 10-minute charging and 500-mile range. It marks a milestone in next-gen battery tech. #battery #solidstate #toyota

All-solid-state battery showing the solid-state electrolyte
All-solid-state battery showing the solid-state electrolyte
By Luca Bertoli - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=91480790
2029 CE

Lithium-Ion Battery Cost Falls Below $50/kWh

Average pack cost for lithium-ion batteries drops below $50/kWh, making EVs cheaper than ICE vehicles in most segments. LFP dominates entry-level EVs. #battery #cost #EV

Nissan Leaf at the 2009 Tokyo Motor Show.
Nissan Leaf at the 2009 Tokyo Motor Show.
By Tennen-Gas - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8249799
2030 CE

Global EV Market Share Reaches 50%

Electric vehicles account for 50% of new car sales globally, driven by falling battery costs and regulatory mandates. Battery production exceeds 3 TWh annually. #EV #market #growth

Tesla Model 3 at IBM Toronto Lab
Tesla Model 3 at IBM Toronto Lab
By Raysonho @ Open Grid Scheduler / Scalable Grid Engine - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=91473440
2030 CE

BYD Launches All-Solid-State Battery

BYD announces a solid-state battery for EVs with 400 Wh/kg and fast charging. Production begins in 2031, aiming to extend range and safety. #BYD #solidstate #battery

BYD Zhengzhou All-Terrain Circuit entrance
BYD Zhengzhou All-Terrain Circuit entrance
By iMoD Official - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PO78zDy6DkY, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=185717512