Encyclopedia/3. History, Societies & Civilizations/09. Modern Nations/02. Americas • Curated by Admin Timeline.sg
History of Haiti, sourced from Wikipedia's "Timeline of Haitian history".
Chronological Storyline (133 Milestones)
1492 CE
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus came to the first Spanish community near Cap-Haïtien. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (15th century):
Christopher Columbus By Sebastiano del Piombo - This file was donated to Wikimedia Commons as part of a project by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. See the Image and Data Resources Open Access Policy, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27554267
1501 CE
Hispaniola
The first Africans were brought to Hispaniola as people in the U.S. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (16th century):
View of Dominican Republic taken during ISS Expedition 27. By Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center - JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=111514165
1503 CE
Anacaona
Queen Anacaona, leader of the last Taino kingdom in the Hispaniola, is executed by Spanish governor. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (16th century):
Honors to Queen Anacaona By Vida y viajes de Cristóbal Colón / por Washington Irving. Madrid: Impr. de Gaspar y Roig, 1852 - http://cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx/la/1080012356/1080012356_029.pdf, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=169026822
1511 CE
The Dioceses of Santo Domingo and
The Dioceses of Santo Domingo and Concepción de la Vega was founded Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (16th century):
1518 CE
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand II of Aragon officially established Spain's African slave trade. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (16th century):
Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Catholic By Michael Sittow - Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Bilddatenbank., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4714691
1528 CE
Roman Catholic Church
Don Sebastián Ramirez de Fuente became the first Catholic bishop of the island. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (16th century):
Facing Saint Peter's basilica, Rome, Italy, Vatican City. By Jebulon - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30816994
1625 CE
French, Dutch and English filibusters, pirates
French, Dutch and English filibusters, pirates and privateers occupied Tortuga Island and were repeatedly expelled by the Spaniards. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (17th century):
1670 CE
Cap-Francais
The city of Cap-Francais was founded on the north coast by French settlers. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (17th century):
The Northen part of Cap-Haitien, seen from Morne Jean. By Rémi Kaupp - Self-photographed, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1575387
1670 CE
Louis XIV
Louis XIV of France authorized the African slave trade in Saint-Dominque. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (17th century):
Louis XIV By Hyacinthe Rigaud - wartburg.edu[dead link], Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=482613
1685 CE
Code Noir
Louis XIV enacted the Code Noir, regulating slavery in Saint-Domingue and the rest of the French colonial empire. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (17th century):
France, Louis XV, Prault pere.- Le Code Noir ou Recueil des réglemens rendus juſqu'à présent, Concernant le Gouvernement, d'Adminiſtration de la Juſtice, la Police, la Diſcipline & le Commerce des Negres dans les Colonies Françoiſses. Et les Conſeils & Compagnies établis à ce ſujet, A Paris, Chez Prault pere, Imprimeur de MonFeigneur le Chancelier, Quai de Gêvres, au Paradis. M. DCC. XLII. (1742), Avec Privilège du Roi. By France, Louis XV, Prault pere - Palais du Luxembourg exhibit, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10647859
1697 CE
Treaty of Ryswick
Spain signed the Treaty of Ryswick, under whose terms she ceded the western third of Hispaniola to France. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (17th century):
Huis ter Nieuwburg in Rijswijk waar 1697 de Vrede van Rijswijk werd getekend By engraver is Jan van Vianen, whose name appears in the lower left corner - Catena: Digital Archive of Historic Gardens and Landscapes, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2568820
1749 CE
Port-au-Prince
The city of Port-au-Prince was founded by Charles Burnier, Marquis of Larnage and named the capital of Saint-Domingue. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
Ouest Department, Haiti By Yoni Rubin - https://web.archive.org/web/20161031184514/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/127493831, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=60305250
1751 CE
François Mackandal
Slave rebellions in northern Saint-Domingue, led by François Mackandal, began. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
Haitian coin (20 gourdes) bearing the image of en:François Mackandal, leader of a slave rebellion. By Uncredited - http://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Image:Mackandal_coin_haiti.jpg, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6179185
1758 CE
Cap-Français
Mackandal was captured and publicly executed in Cap-Français. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
The Northen part of Cap-Haitien, seen from Morne Jean. By Rémi Kaupp - Self-photographed, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1575387
1778 CE
Chasseurs-Volontaires de Saint-Domingue
Volunteer Haitian slaves, led by French admiral Count d'Estaing, left for Savannah, Georgia to participate in the unsuccessful Siege of Savannah during the American Revolutionary War. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 66000277 (Wikidata). Memorial to Les Chasseurs-Volontaires de Saint-Domingue in Franklin Square, Savannah, Georgia: Attack on Savannah on 9th October 1779 during the American Revolutionary War. By Jrozwado - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=82721911
Feb 25, 1791 CE
Vincent Ogé
Vincent Ogé and Jean-Baptiste Chavannes, proponents of equal rights for free blacks and mulattos and leaders of an armed rebellion, were publicly executed in Cap-Français. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
Portrait des Freiheitskämpfers Vincent Ogé, der 1791 von der französischen Kolonialmacht im späteren Haiti brutal hingerichtet wurde. By Fouquet - The Louvre project - https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=File:Vincent_oge.jpg, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=101314928
Apr 4, 1792 CE
Legislative Assembly
France's Legislative Assembly voted to give full citizenship and equal rights to all free people of color. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
Legislative Assembly Medal By Bonarov - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64795718
Apr 12, 1793 CE
A force led by the Second
A force led by the Second Civil Commission and affranchis defeated white colonists in a fight to enforce the law of 4 April. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
Feb 4, 1794 CE
National Convention
The French National Convention declared the abolition of slavery in all French colonies, so making the abolition of slavery legal and applying to all of France and its colonies. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
Composition of the French National Convention prior to the Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 The Mountain (302) The Mountain (disputed members) (7) Girondins (178) Girondins (disputed members) (49) The Plain (153) By Fluffy89502 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=126391628
Oct 13, 1795 CE
French First Republic
Toussaint captured the city of Dondon a second time, this time for France. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
Flag of France By Original: Unknown Vector: SKopp - This SVG flag includes elements that have been taken or adapted from this flag:, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=60739584
Mar 30, 1796 CE
Étienne Maynaud de Bizefranc de Laveaux
Toussaint rescued French commander Laveaux from mulatto rebel Villatte; Laveaux appointed Toussaint the Lieutenant-Governor of Saint-Domingue. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
May 1, 1797 CE
Sonthonax appointed Toussaint the commander-in-chi
Sonthonax appointed Toussaint the commander-in-chief of the French colonial forces. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
Apr 20, 1798 CE
General Hédouville arrived in Cap-Français on
General Hédouville arrived in Cap-Français on the orders of the French government in order to oppose the ambition of Toussaint Louverture. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
Jan 12, 1799 CE
André Rigaud
The generals of the colony – Toussaint, André Rigaud, Bauvais, and Laplume – met in Port-au-Prince and named Toussaint the lead commander. Rigaud surrendered control of the southern cities of Léogâne, Grand-Goâve, Petit-Goâve, and Miragoâne. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (18th century):
André Rigaud (1761-1811) was a Haitiian military leader in the Haitian revolution (from [1]). By Unknown author - http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/haitian-revolution.htm, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=397713
Jan 27, 1801 CE
Hispaniola
Toussaint invaded the eastern part of Hispaniola and captured Santo Domingo, declaring freedom for all slaves and appointing a ten-member Central Assembly to issue a constitution. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
View of Dominican Republic taken during ISS Expedition 27. By Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center - JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=111514165
Jan 29, 1802 CE
French First Republic
A French expeditionary force, sent by Napoleon Bonaparte and led by his brother-in-law Charles Leclerc, arrived in Samana Bay. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Flag of France By Original: Unknown Vector: SKopp - This SVG flag includes elements that have been taken or adapted from this flag:, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=60739584
Apr 7, 1803 CE
Fort de Joux
Toussaint died in the French prison of Fort de Joux. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Fort de Joux Doubs France Photographie prise par Patrick GIRAUD Licensing fr:Category:Fort de Joux By The original uploader was Calips at French Wikipedia. - Transferred from fr.wikipedia to Commons., CC BY-SA 1.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2626018
Jan 1, 1804 CE
Gonaïves
Dessalines, in Gonaïves, declares Haiti an independent nation and becomes Governor-General Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Gonaives Cathedral By Fernandolouverture - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=191135152
May 20, 1805 CE
Imperial Constitution of 1805
Dessalines formulates the first constitution of Haiti as an independent country, the Imperial Constitution of 1805 Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Oct 17, 1806 CE
Pont-Rouge
Dessalines is assassinated at Pont-Rouge by disaffected leaders of his administration Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Le Moulin Marcoux is an ancient mill which used hydropower from the Jacques-Cartier River to produce flour. Eventually, it was abandoned and under the threat of destruction, until citizens decided to restore it. Rooms which formerly contained the equipment currently host a theater hall and an art gallery. By Sylvainbrousseau - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19922779
Jan 1, 1807 CE
Battle of Sibert
The Battle of Sibert ends with the division of Haiti into the southern Republic of Haiti under Alexandre Pétion and the northern State of Haiti under Christophe Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
The national and official state flag of Haiti; arms obtained from File:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg. The civil flag can be found at here. By (colours and size changes of the now deleted versions) Madden, Vzb83, Denelson83, Chanheigeorge, Zscout370 and Nightstallion Coat of arms :Lokal_Profil and Myriam Thyes - Coat of arms from: File:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg by Lokal_Profil and Myriam Thyes CONSTRUCTION SHEET: Vexilla Mundi. Size of central panel made to match image on Haiti's US embassy page about flags: [1] This resembles flag as seen in photos of official government usage much more closely than the above construction sheet (which provides no source for the dimensions). See talk page for further details., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=433156
1809 CE
Dauxion-Lavaysse
Napoleon sends a delegation to negotiate France's recognition of Haitian independence; Pétion meets with a French delegate, Dauxion-Lavaysse, and agrees to an indemnity payable to dispossessed French planters Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Mar 9, 1811 CE
Pétion is elected to a second
Pétion is elected to a second four-year term as President of the Republic of Haiti Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Feb 24, 1812 CE
civil code
The Kingdom of Haiti establishes a civil code, the Henri Code Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Countries with a collection of laws known formally or informally as 'Civil Code'. Subnational entities (Quebec, Louisiana, Macau, etc.) are excluded. By Underlying lk - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=68115091
Nov 1, 1814 CE
Franco de Medina
Christophe refuses to negotiate with French delegate Franco de Medina concerning France's recognition of Haitian independence Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Jun 2, 1816 CE
Republican Constitution
Pétion promulgates the Republican Constitution Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Mar 29, 1818 CE
Pétion, President of the Republic of
Pétion, President of the Republic of Haiti, dies of fever Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Oct 8, 1820 CE
Christophe, King of the northern Haitian
Christophe, King of the northern Haitian state, commits suicide Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Feb 9, 1822 CE
Santo Domingo
Boyer arrives in Santo Domingo and declares control over the entire island of Hispaniola Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
SantoDomingo2 By Jose Juan C - File:SantoDomingo.JPG, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=32858479
Apr 17, 1825 CE
Charles X of France
King Charles X of France signs an ordinance which conditionally recognizes the independence of Haiti and imposes a 150 million franc indemnity on the Haitian government Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Coronation portrait of Charles X, by François Gérard, 1825 By François Gérard - https://www.museodelprado.es/coleccion/obra-de-arte/carlos-x-de-francia/9526aa92-793b-4178-8dc2-f8627f8fb7c9?searchMeta=carlos%20x%20francia, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35051821
Sep 22, 1831 CE
Pétion-Ville
The city of Pétion-Ville, a suburb of Port-au-Prince named for Alexandre Pétion, is founded by Boyer Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
A view from The View bar and restaurant By Andrew Wiseman - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27240808
1838 CE
Haiti's remaining debt to France, 120
Haiti's remaining debt to France, 120 million francs, is reduced to 60 million francs Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
May 7, 1842 CE
1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake
An earthquake strikes northern Haiti, destroying the city of Cap-Haïtien Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
The Northen part of Cap-Haitien, seen from Morne Jean. By Rémi Kaupp - Self-photographed, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1575387
Mar 13, 1843 CE
President Boyer is overthrown and flees
President Boyer is overthrown and flees to Paris in exile Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Feb 28, 1844 CE
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic declares its independence from Haiti Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
The flag of the Dominican Republic has a centered white cross that extends to the edges. This emblem is similar to the flag design and shows a bible, a cross of gold and 6 Dominican flags. There are branches of olive and palm around the shield and above on the ribbon is the motto "Dios,Patria!, Libertad" ("God, Country, Freedom") and to amiable freedom. The blue is said to stand for liberty, red for the fire and blood of the independence struggle and the white cross symbolized that God has not forgotten his people. "Republica Dominicana". The Dominican flag was designed by Juan Pablo Duarte, father of the national Independence of Dominican Republic. The first dominican flag was sewn by a young lady named Concepción Bona, who lived across the street of El Baluarte, monument where the patriots gathered to fight for the independence, the night of February 27th, 1844. Concepción Bona was helped by her first cousin María de Jesús Pina. By Juan Pablo Duarte - CONSTRUCTION SHEET: Vexilla Mundi.Further informations: Flags of the World. See also: Presidencia de la República Dominicana: Bandera Nacional., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=433155
Apr 15, 1845 CE
Jean-Louis Pierrot
President Guerrier dies in office; the State Council appoints Jean-Louis Pierrot President of Haiti Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Portrait du président d'Haïti Jean-Louis Pierrot. By Unknown author - NYPL Digital Gallery, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9735508
Mar 1, 1846 CE
Jean-Baptiste Riché
President Pierrot is overthrown; Jean-Baptiste Riché becomes President of Haiti Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Portrait du président d'Haïti Jean-Baptiste Riché. By Unknown author - NYPL Digital Gallery, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9735528
1847 CE
Thomas Madiou
Haitian historian Thomas Madiou publishes the first volume of his seminal work Histoire d'Haïti ("History of Haiti") Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Haitian historian By Unknown author - Thomas Madiou: Histoire d'Haïti. Band 8. De 1843 a 1846. Editions Henri Deschamps, Port-au-Prince 1846., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23271859
Apr 18, 1852 CE
President Faustin Soulouque is crowned Emperor
President Faustin Soulouque is crowned Emperor Faustin I of Haiti Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Dec 1, 1858 CE
Fabre Geffrard
Forces led by Fabre Geffrard defeat Emperor Faustin's Imperial Army Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Geffrard président d'Haïti By Studio of Eugène Disdéri - Original: photo by London branch of the studio Eugène Disdéri in 1867 per here. Immediate scan: Unknown sourceUnknown source, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=82768065
Jan 13, 1859 CE
Fabre Geffrard is elected President of
Fabre Geffrard is elected President of Haiti Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Mar 28, 1860 CE
Holy See
Haiti and the Vatican sign an agreement which divides Haiti into five dioceses Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
The Flag of Vatican City State, as per the 2023 w:en:Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, reproducing Annex A which contains the official depiction of this version. See 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, art. 23, n. 1. This 2023 flag is very similar to the flag used in the 1929 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, see here, p. 35. Thus, it is in the public domain. By Goran_tek-en - Allegato A Requested by and knowledge from Veverve, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=135585807
1862 CE
The United States recognizes Haiti
The United States recognizes Haiti Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
1865 CE
Céligny Ardouin
Céligny Ardouin's eleven-volume work on the history of Haiti, Essais sur l'Histoire d'Haïti, is published Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
1867 CE
President Geffrard is forced to flee
President Geffrard is forced to flee the country Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
1869 CE
National Assembly of Haiti
The National Assembly elects Nissage Saget to a four-year term as President of Haiti after the overthrow of Salnave Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Coat of arms of Haiti By Lokal_Profil and Myriam Thyes - Vectorised by Lokal_Profil from Haiti-wappen.png by Myriam Thyes; subsequent version vectorized from Projet de Loi pour Instituant La Carte D'Identification Nationale (Archived), Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3499451
1870 CE
Demesvar Delorme
Haitian writer Demesvar Delorme publishes the essay "Les Théoriciens au Pouvoir", which maintains that political power should be in the hands of the intellectual elite Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
1874 CE
Michel Domingue
Saget relinquishes the Presidency; the Constituent Assembly elects Michel Domingue as President Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Michel Domingue By Unknown author - This file is from the Mechanical Curator collection, a set of over 1 million images scanned from out-of-copyright books and released to Flickr Commons by the British Library. View image on Flickr View all images from book View catalogue entry for book., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31322040
1875 CE
Dominican Republic
President Domingue signs a treaty of peace and friendship with the Dominican Republic Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
The flag of the Dominican Republic has a centered white cross that extends to the edges. This emblem is similar to the flag design and shows a bible, a cross of gold and 6 Dominican flags. There are branches of olive and palm around the shield and above on the ribbon is the motto "Dios,Patria!, Libertad" ("God, Country, Freedom") and to amiable freedom. The blue is said to stand for liberty, red for the fire and blood of the independence struggle and the white cross symbolized that God has not forgotten his people. "Republica Dominicana". The Dominican flag was designed by Juan Pablo Duarte, father of the national Independence of Dominican Republic. The first dominican flag was sewn by a young lady named Concepción Bona, who lived across the street of El Baluarte, monument where the patriots gathered to fight for the independence, the night of February 27th, 1844. Concepción Bona was helped by her first cousin María de Jesús Pina. By Juan Pablo Duarte - CONSTRUCTION SHEET: Vexilla Mundi.Further informations: Flags of the World. See also: Presidencia de la República Dominicana: Bandera Nacional., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=433155
1876 CE
Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal
President Domingue is overthrown; the Constituent Assembly elects Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal to a four-year term as President Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Portrait du président Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal By Der Bischof mit der E-Gitarre - Wikipedia germanophone, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8954708
1879 CE
Lysius Salomon
The Constituent Assembly elects Lysius Salomon as president; President Salomon would institute many reforms and pay off Haiti's remaining debt to France for independence Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Lysius Salomon By Unknown author, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1864516
1880 CE
National Bank of Haiti
The National Bank of Haiti (or Haitian Central Bank) is founded by President Salomon Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
National Bank of Haiti, Port-au-Prince By book by Jacques Nicolas Léger, photo uncredited - Haiti: Her History and Her Detractors p. 78, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11389897
1882 CE
Our Lady of Perpetual Help
Port-au-Prince and Haiti are dedicated to Our Lady of Perpetual Help during a mass in Bel Air Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Our Mother of Perpetual Help, a 15th Century Marian Byzantine icon. Has METER THEOU ("Mother of God") monograms. By Unknown author - old Byzantine icon, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2205247
1883 CE
Oswald Durand
Haitian poet Oswald Durand composes his most famous work, "Choucoune" Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Portrait de mon aïeul maternel, le poète Oswald Durand [1840-1906], issu des archives familiales. By Stanthemanpean - Own work, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10693381
1884 CE
Louis-Joseph Janvier
Haitian writer Louis-Joseph Janvier publishes the article "L'Egalité des Races", which proclaims the equality of the races Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Portrait du diplomate Louis-Jospeh Janvier By Unknown author - Nombreux sites Internet et ouvrages divers, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9477824
1885 CE
Anténor Firmin
Haitian writer Anténor Firmin publishes the book De l'Égalité des Races Humaines, which proclaims the equality of the races Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Portrait de Antenor Firmin publié sur le site Île en île / lehman.cuny. By Unknown author - Anténor Firmin, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4217193
1888 CE
President Salomon is overthrown; the Constituent
President Salomon is overthrown; the Constituent Assembly installs a provisional government Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
1889 CE
President Légitime is overthrown; the Constituent
President Légitime is overthrown; the Constituent Assembly installs a provisional government Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
1893 CE
Hannibal Price
Haitian writer Hannibal Price publishes De la Réhabilitation de la Race Noire par la République d'Haïti ("On the Rehabilitation of the Black Race by the Republic of Haiti") in response to Spenser St. John's Hayti or the Black Republic Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Title: Hannibal Price, Minister from Haiti, presents credentials, 2/10/25 Abstract/medium: 1 negative : glass ; 4 x 5 in. or smaller By National Photo Company Collection - Library of Congress Catalog: https://lccn.loc.gov/2016839323 Image download: https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/npcc/13000/13055v.jpg Original url: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016839323/, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=67388006
1896 CE
myocardial infarction
President Hyppolite dies of a heart attack; Tirésias Simon Sam is elected to a seven-year term as president Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (19th century):
Myocardial Infarction or Heart Attack. See a full animation of this medical topic. By Blausen Medical Communications, Inc. - see ticket for details, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26986463
1902 CE
Pierre Nord Alexis
President Simon Sam resigns; Pierre Nord Alexis becomes president Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Picture of Pierre Nord Alexis By Unknown author - The World's Work, 1906: https://archive.org/stream/worldswork11gard#page/7156/mode/2up, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26607581
Jan 1, 1904 CE
Haiti celebrates 100 years of independence
Haiti celebrates 100 years of independence Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
1908 CE
François C. Antoine Simon
Pierre Nord Alexis withdraws from the presidency; the Constituent Assembly appoints François C. Antoine Simon president Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
TITLE: General François Antoine Simon, President of Haiti CALL NUMBER: LC-B2- 1165-4[P&P] REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-ggbain-05936 (digital file from original neg.) No known restrictions on publication. MEDIUM: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. CREATED/PUBLISHED: [no date recorded on caption card] CREATOR: Bain News Service, publisher. NOTES: Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress). Title from unverified data provided by the Bain News Service on the negatives or caption cards. General information about the Bain Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print DIGITAL ID: (digital file from original neg.) ggbain 05936 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.05936 CARD #: ggb2004005936 By Bain News Service - This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID ggbain.05936.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2652220
1911 CE
Cincinnatus Leconte
President Antoine Simon cedes the presidency to Cincinnatus Leconte Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Cincinnatus Leconte, prezidento de Haitio de la 15a de aŭgusto, 1911 ĝis la 8a de aŭgusto, 1912 By Unknown author - http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti/leaders/leconte.htm, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9017576
Aug 5, 1912 CE
Haitian American Sugar Company
The Haitian American Sugar Company is founded Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
1913 CE
President Auguste dies during a visit
President Auguste dies during a visit to northern Haiti Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
1914 CE
Oreste Zamor
President Oreste is overthrown and succeeded by Oreste Zamor Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Oreste Zamor, President of Haiti (1914) By Unknown author - http://kreyolicious.com/haiti-history-101-haiti-in-the-1910s/2004/, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23542192
1915 CE
Vilbrun Guillaume Sam
President Théodore resigns and is succeeded by Vilbrun Guillaume Sam. Sam executed 167 political prisoners (including the previous president, Zamor) who were being held in the Port-au-Prince jail. President Sam sought refuge in the French Embassy. He was found by mulatto leaders, dragged out to the street, murdered and cut into small pieces. The parts were paraded throughout the capital. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, President of Haiti (1915) By Unknown author - http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/biography/bios/sam_vilbrun.asp, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23542043
Apr 12, 1919 CE
The Haitian government undertakes a monetary
The Haitian government undertakes a monetary reform with the National Bank of Haiti Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
1920 CE
Leon Laleau
Haitian writer Leon Laleau publishes his first compilation of poems, A Voix Basse Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Jan 24, 1921 CE
Warren G. Harding
President Dartiguenave addresses United States President Warren G. Harding concerning the needs of the Haitian people Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Title: HARDING, WARREN G. HONORABLE Abstract/medium: 1 negative : glass ; 8 x 10 in. or smaller By Harris & Ewing, photographer - Library of Congress Catalog: https://lccn.loc.gov/2016859359 Image download: https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/hec/18200/18296v.jpg Original url: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016859359/, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=192195035
Apr 10, 1922 CE
Louis Bornó
Louis Bornó is elected to a four-year term as president by the State Council Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Louis Borno - President of Haïti (1922-1930) By photo officielle, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6956588
1926 CE
President Bornó is re-elected by the
President Bornó is re-elected by the State Council and makes a diplomatic trip to the United States Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
1928 CE
Jean Price-Mars
Haitian writer Jean Price-Mars publishes his acclaimed novel Ainsi Parla l'Oncle ("So spoke the Uncle") Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Jean Price-Mars photo. Jean Price-Mars est né à la Grande-Rivière du Nord (Haïti) le 15 octobre 1876 et est mort à Pétionville (Haïti) le 1er mars 1969. À la fois médecin, ethnographe, diplomate, homme d'état, pédagogue et écrivain, il est considéré comme le principal maître à penser haïtien du XXe siècle. By CIDIHCA, D.R - http://www.lehman.cuny.edu/ile.en.ile/paroles/price-mars.html, CC BY-SA 1.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23617633
Jan 21, 1929 CE
Dominican Republic
Haiti and the Dominican Republic sign an agreement settling the border between the two countries Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
The flag of the Dominican Republic has a centered white cross that extends to the edges. This emblem is similar to the flag design and shows a bible, a cross of gold and 6 Dominican flags. There are branches of olive and palm around the shield and above on the ribbon is the motto "Dios,Patria!, Libertad" ("God, Country, Freedom") and to amiable freedom. The blue is said to stand for liberty, red for the fire and blood of the independence struggle and the white cross symbolized that God has not forgotten his people. "Republica Dominicana". The Dominican flag was designed by Juan Pablo Duarte, father of the national Independence of Dominican Republic. The first dominican flag was sewn by a young lady named Concepción Bona, who lived across the street of El Baluarte, monument where the patriots gathered to fight for the independence, the night of February 27th, 1844. Concepción Bona was helped by her first cousin María de Jesús Pina. By Juan Pablo Duarte - CONSTRUCTION SHEET: Vexilla Mundi.Further informations: Flags of the World. See also: Presidencia de la República Dominicana: Bandera Nacional., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=433155
Feb 28, 1930 CE
Forbes Commission
The Forbes Commission, sent by U.S. president Herbert Hoover to investigate Haiti's political situation, arrives in the country Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
US President Herbert C. Hoover in 1928 By Underwood & Underwood - https://www.loc.gov/resource/cph.3a25105/, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=71911329
1931 CE
Jacques Roumain
Jacques Roumain publishes his acclaimed novel Gouverneurs de la Rosée ("Masters of the Dew") Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Jacques Roumain By http://www.babelio.com/users/AVT_Jacques-Roumain_8038.jpeg, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43484458
Aug 7, 1933 CE
The governments of Haiti and the
The governments of Haiti and the United States sign an agreement on the withdrawal of U.S. troops from the country and the end of the U.S. occupation Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Jul 5, 1934 CE
Franklin D. Roosevelt
President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt visits Cap-Haïtien Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Original color transparency taken at 1944 Official Campaign Portrait session. By Leon Perskie - Flickr (FDR Presidential Library & Museum) – Info – Pic, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=171293476
May 16, 1935 CE
Sténio Vincent
A new constitution is released, reinforcing the authority of the executive branch of government and renewing President Sténio Vincent's mandate for five more years Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Sténio Vincent, President of Haiti (1930-1941) By Unknown author - http://www2.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti/leaders/vincent.htm, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23541522
1937 CE
Dominican Republic
Between 20,000 and 40,000 Haitians living in the Dominican Republic are massacred by the Dominican armed forces on the orders of President Rafael Trujillo. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
The flag of the Dominican Republic has a centered white cross that extends to the edges. This emblem is similar to the flag design and shows a bible, a cross of gold and 6 Dominican flags. There are branches of olive and palm around the shield and above on the ribbon is the motto "Dios,Patria!, Libertad" ("God, Country, Freedom") and to amiable freedom. The blue is said to stand for liberty, red for the fire and blood of the independence struggle and the white cross symbolized that God has not forgotten his people. "Republica Dominicana". The Dominican flag was designed by Juan Pablo Duarte, father of the national Independence of Dominican Republic. The first dominican flag was sewn by a young lady named Concepción Bona, who lived across the street of El Baluarte, monument where the patriots gathered to fight for the independence, the night of February 27th, 1844. Concepción Bona was helped by her first cousin María de Jesús Pina. By Juan Pablo Duarte - CONSTRUCTION SHEET: Vexilla Mundi.Further informations: Flags of the World. See also: Presidencia de la República Dominicana: Bandera Nacional., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=433155
May 18, 1938 CE
flag of Haiti
The 135th anniversary of the flag of Haiti is celebrated with athletic festivities at the Champs-de-Mars in Port-au-Prince Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
The national and official state flag of Haiti; arms obtained from File:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg. The civil flag can be found at here. By (colours and size changes of the now deleted versions) Madden, Vzb83, Denelson83, Chanheigeorge, Zscout370 and Nightstallion Coat of arms :Lokal_Profil and Myriam Thyes - Coat of arms from: File:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg by Lokal_Profil and Myriam Thyes CONSTRUCTION SHEET: Vexilla Mundi. Size of central panel made to match image on Haiti's US embassy page about flags: [1] This resembles flag as seen in photos of official government usage much more closely than the above construction sheet (which provides no source for the dimensions). See talk page for further details., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=433156
1940 CE
Haiti's national library, the Bibliothèque Nationa
Haiti's national library, the Bibliothèque Nationale d'Haïti is organized Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Apr 14, 1941 CE
Élie Lescot
Élie Lescot is elected to a five-year term as president Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Élie Lescot, 1883-1974 By Unknown author - This image is available from Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec under the reference number 4007016, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=178182356
May 7, 1944 CE
Cathedral of Cap-Haïtien
The Cathedral of Cap-Haïtien is consecrated after 100 years of restoration work Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
1946 CE
Executive Military Committee
A military coup forces President Lescot to resign; the newly created Executive Military Committee appoints Dumarsais Estimé president and the 8.1 Dominican Republic earthquake. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Dumarsais Estimé, President of Haiti (1949-1950) By Unknown author - http://www2.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti/leaders/estime.htm, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23541459
Feb 16, 1948 CE
tobacco
The government-owned tobacco company Régie du Tabac et des Allumettes is founded Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Dunhill Light Flake Tobacco By Sjschen (Sjschen) - Own work, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1951260
Dec 8, 1949 CE
Port-au-Prince
The bicentennial of Port-au-Prince's founding is celebrated; a World's Fair, the Exposition internationale du bicentenaire de Port-au-Prince, is held Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Ouest Department, Haiti By Yoni Rubin - https://web.archive.org/web/20161031184514/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/127493831, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=60305250
May 10, 1950 CE
Dumarsais Estimé relinquishes the presidency and
Dumarsais Estimé relinquishes the presidency and is replaced by a provisional government Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
1951 CE
President Magloire of Haiti and President
President Magloire of Haiti and President Trujillo of the Dominican Republic meet for diplomatic talks Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
May 31, 1953 CE
Rémy Augustin
Father Rémy Augustin, the first native Haitian bishop, is consecrated at the Cathedral of Port-au-Prince Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Roman catholic cathedral in Port-au-Prince (Haiti), before 1924 By Cathédrale-Port-au-Prince.jpg: Carpenter, Frank G. (Frank George), 1855-1924 derivative work: Rabanus Flavus - This file was derived from: Cathédrale-Port-au-Prince.jpg:, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18717021
Jan 1, 1954 CE
A celebration commemorating the 150th anniversary
A celebration commemorating the 150th anniversary of Haiti's independence from France, during which monuments to the "heroes of independence" are inaugurated in Port-au-Prince, began. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Jan 26, 1955 CE
Jamaica
President Magloire and his wife began a trip to the United States, Canada, and Jamaica. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Flag of Jamaica. “The sunshine, the land is green, and the people are strong and bold” is the symbolism of the colours of the flag. GOLD represents the natural wealth and beauty of sunlight; GREEN represents hope and agricultural resources; BLACK represents the strength and creativity of the people. The original symbolism, however, was "Hardships there are, but the land is green, and the sun shineth", where BLACK represented the hardships being faced. By The SVG code is valid. This vector image was created with Inkscape by SKopp, and then manually edited by Zscout370, Madden and others. - Own work. Geometry and Pantone colour codes from jis.gov.jm., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23395023
1956 CE
Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis
President Magloire relinquishes the presidency; President of the Supreme Court Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis becomes provisional president of Haiti Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis, President of Haiti (1956-1957) By Unknown author - https://www.flickr.com/photos/vieilles_annonces/8004928766/, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30338590
1957 CE
Franck Sylvain
Franck Sylvain is elected President of Haiti, but is succeeded by a thirteen-member Executive Council of Government Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Franck Sylvain, President of Haiti (1957) By Unknown author - http://jfjpm-politique.blogspot.de/2010/01/haiti-franck-sylvain-president.html, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23541776
1958 CE
Duvalier began to attack his opponents
Duvalier began to attack his opponents violently, driving many of them into exile. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
1964 CE
Duvalier's reign of terror ended.
Duvalier's reign of terror ended. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Oct 28, 1968 CE
François Wolf Ligondé
François Wolf Ligondé, the first Haitian archbishop, is consecrated at the Cathedral of Port-au-Prince Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Ärkebiskop Martin Modéus konverserar utanför Uppsala domkyrka efter biskopsvigning 2024 By Atleett - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=185551661
1970 CE
Florida
Thousands of Haitians began to flee poverty and repression in Haiti by boat, often arriving in south Florida. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Flag of Florida, United States. By Unknown author - SVG based in this image, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=326736
Feb 1, 1971 CE
Jean-Claude Duvalier
The National Assembly approves an amendment to the constitution, allowing President For Life Duvalier to name his son, Jean-Claude Duvalier, as his successor Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Photo re-centrée de Jean-Claude Duvalier à partir du fichier Baby Doc.jpg By Marcello Casal Jr/ABr - This image has been extracted from another file, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36440316
1974 CE
Haiti national football team
The Haiti national football team participates in the FIFA World Cup for the first time Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Starting line-up for Argentina in 2022 FIFA World Cup match vs Mexico; التشكيلة الأساسية للأرجنتين في مباراة كأس العالم 2022 ضد المكسيك؛ Players are, fltr (above): 25-Lisandro Martínez, 23-Emiliano Martínez, 19-Nicolás Otamendi, 20-Alexis Mac Allister, 18-Guido Rodríguez; (below): 10-Lionel Messi, 11-Ángel Di María, 7-Rodrigo de Paul, 22-Lautaro Martínez, 8-Marcos Acuña, 4-Gonzalo Montiel. By Hossein Zohrevand - Here, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=126783784
Aug 15, 1977 CE
United Nations
The U.S. ambassador to the United Nations commission arrives in Haiti; the commission meets with the Haitian government to discuss civil rights in Haiti Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Flag of the United Nations By See File history below for details. Denelson83, Zscout370 ve Madden - Flag of the United Nations from the Open Clip Art website. Modifications by Denelson83, Zscout370 and Madden. Official construction sheet here.(1946-present United Nations) The United Nations flag code and regulations, as amended November 11, 1952, New York. Archived from the original on 13 September 2001. Retrieved on 2 December 2023. OCLC: 7548838., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=437460
May 27, 1980 CE
Michèle Bennett
President for Life Jean-Claude Duvalier marries Michèle Bennett Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
A photograph showing the now-deceased Jean-Claude Duvalier and his then wife, Michele, fleeing Haiti. By Unknown author - http://www.sinlung.com/2013/09/why-every-dictator-needs-drop-dead-wife.html, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=159739276
Mar 1, 1983 CE
Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II arrives in Haiti, becoming the first Pope to visit the country Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
ADAMELLO - PAPA - Giovanni Paolo II -Papa Giovanni Paolo II celebra la Santa Messa davanti all'altare costruito sulle cime dell' Adamello, il 16 luglio 1988 By Gregorini Demetrio - https://web.archive.org/web/20161014164640/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/30571702, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=128271762
Jun 6, 1985 CE
Prime Minister of Haiti
President for Life Duvalier amends the constitution to allow the creation of the post of Prime Minister of Haiti Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
The national and official state flag of Haiti; arms obtained from File:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg. The civil flag can be found at here. By (colours and size changes of the now deleted versions) Madden, Vzb83, Denelson83, Chanheigeorge, Zscout370 and Nightstallion Coat of arms :Lokal_Profil and Myriam Thyes - Coat of arms from: File:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg by Lokal_Profil and Myriam Thyes CONSTRUCTION SHEET: Vexilla Mundi. Size of central panel made to match image on Haiti's US embassy page about flags: [1] This resembles flag as seen in photos of official government usage much more closely than the above construction sheet (which provides no source for the dimensions). See talk page for further details., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=433156
Jan 31, 1986 CE
Rumors spread through Port-au-Prince that Presiden
Rumors spread through Port-au-Prince that President Duvalier has fled the country Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Mar 10, 1987 CE
French language
The constituent assembly presents the new constitution, written in both French and Haitian Creole, to President of the CNG Henri Namphy Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
The French language in the world States where French is the majority native language (Dots: cities with native transmission, typically a minority) States where it is an official de jure language States where it is an administrative language or culturally important but without official status The following things have been changed from the old "Map-Francophone World.png": Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos are no longer fully colored in light blue, this is because French is not used there very much these days. Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Mali, Burkina Faso and the Western Togoland area of Ghana have been colored light blue, because the French language is widely used but it has no official status. By aaker (original PNG file: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New-Map-Francophone_World.PNG ) - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44844704
Jan 1, 1988 CE
Leslie Manigat
Christian Democrat Leslie Manigat is elected in military-run elections boycotted by the Haitian people and most candidates. In June he is overthrown in a military coup by Gen. Henri Namphy. In September, shortly after the St Jean Bosco massacre, Namphy is overthrown by Gen. Prosper Avril. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Picture of President Leslie Manigat. By Octoprus - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=110457934
Jan 1, 1990 CE
President/General Prosper Avril declares a state
President/General Prosper Avril declares a state of siege in January. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Jan 1, 1991 CE
Tonton Macoutes
A coup by former Tonton Macoutes head Roger Lafontant is foiled after tens of thousands pour into the streets of the capital, surrounding the National Palace. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Symbol of the Tonton Macoutes By Unknown author - https://www.latinamericanstudies.org/tontons.htm, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=166200566
Sep 1, 1994 CE
de facto
The de facto military government resigns at the request of the United States in September, which then sends in troops to occupy Haiti. This occupation is sanctioned by the United Nations. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Flag of the United Nations By See File history below for details. Denelson83, Zscout370 ve Madden - Flag of the United Nations from the Open Clip Art website. Modifications by Denelson83, Zscout370 and Madden. Official construction sheet here.(1946-present United Nations) The United Nations flag code and regulations, as amended November 11, 1952, New York. Archived from the original on 13 September 2001. Retrieved on 2 December 2023. OCLC: 7548838., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=437460
1995 CE
United Nations
The U.S. nominally hands over military authority to the United Nations but maintains effective control of the occupation. Aristide dissolves the Haitian army. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Flag of the United Nations By See File history below for details. Denelson83, Zscout370 ve Madden - Flag of the United Nations from the Open Clip Art website. Modifications by Denelson83, Zscout370 and Madden. Official construction sheet here.(1946-present United Nations) The United Nations flag code and regulations, as amended November 11, 1952, New York. Archived from the original on 13 September 2001. Retrieved on 2 December 2023. OCLC: 7548838., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=437460
Feb 7, 1996 CE
René Préval
Aristide leaves office and is succeeded by René Préval. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
René Préval (*1943), President of Haiti (1996-2001, 2006-), in Brasília, March 11th, 2006. By Ricardo Stuckert/PR. - Agência Brasil [1], CC BY 3.0 br, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=631180
May 1, 2000 CE
Organization of American States
Legislative, municipal and local elections are held. The OAS disputes how the sovereign electoral council calculates the run-offs for eight Senate seats. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (20th century):
Flag of the Organization of American States By Sodacan - This vector image includes elements that have been taken or adapted from this file:, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61551097
2001 CE
Organization of American States
Aristide succeeds Préval for a second five-year term. For the next two years, and with Washington's support, Aristide's opponents use the OAS challenge to the 2000 elections to increase economic and political instability. Former Haitian soldiers carry out guerrilla attacks, primarily along the Dominican border and in the capital. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (21st century):
Flag of the Organization of American States By Sodacan - This vector image includes elements that have been taken or adapted from this file:, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61551097
2004 CE
Haiti's 200th anniversary of independence.
Haiti's 200th anniversary of independence. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (21st century):
Feb 1, 2006 CE
René Préval
René Préval is elected president, defeating U.S.-backed and other candidates in an election overseen by U.N. peacekeepers Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (21st century):
René Préval (*1943), President of Haiti (1996-2001, 2006-), in Brasília, March 11th, 2006. By Ricardo Stuckert/PR. - Agência Brasil [1], CC BY 3.0 br, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=631180
Apr 1, 2008 CE
food prices
Riots break out in Les Cayes and Port-au-Prince over high food prices, forcing the ouster of Prime Minister Jacques Edouard Alexis. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (21st century):
May 1, 2009 CE
Bill Clinton
Former U.S. President Bill Clinton is appointed U.N. special envoy to Haiti. He is tasked with reinvigorating the country's moribund economy after the 2008 storms. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (21st century):
Official White House photo of President Bill Clinton, President of the United States. By Bob McNeely, The White House[1] - This image was released by the United States Armed Forces with the ID DD-SC-93-04622 (next). This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing. العربية ∙ বাংলা ∙ Bahaso Jambi ∙ Deutsch ∙ Deutsch (Sie-Form) ∙ English ∙ español ∙ euskara ∙ فارسی ∙ français ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ മലയാളം ∙ Plattdüütsch ∙ Nederlands ∙ polski ∙ پښتو ∙ português ∙ русский ∙ slovenščina ∙ svenska ∙ Türkçe ∙ українська ∙ 简体中文 ∙ 繁體中文 ∙ +/−, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=187406631
Jan 12, 2010 CE
2010 Haiti earthquake
A major earthquake, 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale, kills over 230,000 and causes massive damage to buildings and infrastructure in Port-au-Prince. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (21st century):
In January 2010 a massive earthquake struck Haiti, killing over 300,000 people and making 1.5 million people homeless. The disaster was the worst in the history of a country that has been ravaged by conflict and crisis. Two years after the earthquake struck, the ruins of the Cathedral in the centre of Port au Prince offered a reminder of the tragedy of that fateful morning. (Eoghan Rice / Trocaire) By Trocaire from Ireland - DSC_1200 Uploaded by victorgrigas, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25580984
2010 CE
United Nations
A UN Peacekeeping Mission caused a cholera outbreak that killed thousands of people and continues to sicken people across the country. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (21st century):
Flag of the United Nations By See File history below for details. Denelson83, Zscout370 ve Madden - Flag of the United Nations from the Open Clip Art website. Modifications by Denelson83, Zscout370 and Madden. Official construction sheet here.(1946-present United Nations) The United Nations flag code and regulations, as amended November 11, 1952, New York. Archived from the original on 13 September 2001. Retrieved on 2 December 2023. OCLC: 7548838., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=437460
Oct 4, 2016 CE
Hurricane Matthew
Hurricane Matthew makes landfall on the peninsula of the nation as a category 4, killing over 700 (although estimates place the toll at ~1,600) and causing massive damage in its wake Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (21st century):
Hurricane Matthew at peak strength in the Caribbean Sea on October 1, 2016. By NASA, data superimposed by TheAustinMan - https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52142077
Aug 14, 2021 CE
2021 Haiti earthquake
2021 Haiti earthquake causes widespread damage as of 15 August 2021, 304 people are reported dead and another 1.800 injured. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Haitian history" (21st century):
Destruction from the earthquake By USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance - https://twitter.com/USAIDSavesLives/status/1426707046838251524, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=108607819
![André Rigaud (1761-1811) was a Haitiian military leader in the Haitian revolution (from [1]).](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Andr%C3%A9_Rigaud.gif)
![Portrait de mon aïeul maternel, le poète Oswald Durand [1840-1906], issu des archives familiales.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/O._Durand.jpg)
![TITLE: General François Antoine Simon, President of Haiti CALL NUMBER: LC-B2- 1165-4[P&P] REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-ggbain-05936 (digital file from original neg.) No known restrictions on publication. MEDIUM: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. CREATED/PUBLISHED: [no date recorded on caption card] CREATOR: Bain News Service, publisher. NOTES: Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress). Title from unverified data provided by the Bain News Service on the negatives or caption cards. General information about the Bain Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print DIGITAL ID: (digital file from original neg.) ggbain 05936 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.05936 CARD #: ggb2004005936](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Presidentsimon.jpg/500px-Presidentsimon.jpg)
