600 BCE
Sushruta’s surgery
India’s Sushruta Samhita describes sutures, cataract and reconstructive (rhinoplasty) surgery. Source — Wikipedia:
Chronological Storyline (10 Milestones)
1010 CE
Al-Zahrawi’s surgical instruments
Al-Zahrawi (Albucasis) catalogues surgical instruments and techniques that shape later surgery. Source — Wikipedia:
1867 CE
Antiseptic surgery
Lister’s carbolic antisepsis transforms surgery from frequently fatal to survivable. Source — Wikipedia:
1901 CE
Blood groups enable transfusion
Karl Landsteiner’s ABO blood groups make safe blood transfusion possible. Source — Wikipedia:
1954 CE
First successful organ transplant
Joseph Murray performs the first successful kidney transplant between identical twins. Source — Wikipedia:
1967 CE
First human heart transplant
Christiaan Barnard performs the first human-to-human heart transplant in South Africa. Source — Wikipedia:
1987 CE
Laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery
The first laparoscopic gallbladder removal launches minimally invasive surgery. Source — Wikipedia:
2000 CE
Robotic-assisted surgery
The da Vinci system brings tele-operated robotic precision to the operating theatre. Source — Wikipedia:
2006 CE
Induced pluripotent stem cells
Shinya Yamanaka reprograms adult cells into stem cells, a cornerstone of regenerative medicine. Source — Wikipedia:
2013 CE
Bionics & neural prosthetics
Advanced bionic limbs and implants restore movement and sensation via neural interfaces. Source — Wikipedia: