Encyclopedia/3. History, Societies & Civilizations/09. Modern Nations/02. Americas • Curated by Admin Timeline.sg
History of Ecuador (AI-generated, sourced to Wikipedia).
Chronological Storyline (29 Milestones)
10000 BCE
Early Settlements
Nomadic hunter-gatherers arrive in the Andean highlands, leaving stone tools at sites like El Inga. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Percentage of indigenous population of the Northern South America By Calderonbarco - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=169101376
3500 BCE
Valdivia Culture Emerges
One of the oldest settled cultures in the Americas arises on the coast, creating distinct pottery. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Este Mapa muestra la distribución geográfica de la Cultura Valdivia en las provincias de Guayas, Santa Elena, Manabí, Los Ríos y El Oro en Ecuador. By Simón Luzuriaga - Based on NASA Worldwind-globe, https://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=140843500
500 CE
Manteño Civilization Flourishes
A powerful coastal maritime society develops extensive trade networks using balsa rafts along the Pacific coast. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Map of the en:Manteño civilisation in Ecuador. Overlaid on the original map using the text source Peregrine, P. N., et al. (2001) Encyclopedia of Prehistory: Middle America, 5, p. 307 Retrieved on 28 March 2010. . In particular, the eastern boundary is uncertain, with most settlement on the coast. By Ecuador_location_map.svg: NordNordWest derivative work: Jarry1250 (talk) - Ecuador_location_map.svg, GFDL 1.2, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9877416
1463 CE
Inca Conquest of Quito
Topa Inca Yupanqui conquers the Quitu and Cara peoples, integrating the northern Andes into the Inca Empire. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Suntur Paucar, according to the description of the chronicles of Bernabé Cobo By Adapted from Huhsunqu, made by Pachakutec - Own work based on: Banner of the Inca Empire.svg, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=92212633
1531 CE
Spanish Conquest Begins
Sebastián de Belalcázar arrives in the region, initiating the Spanish military campaign against indigenous populations. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Oil painting depicts The Capture of Atahualpa in Cajamarca (Battle of Cajamarca) and the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in 1532. The artwork was made between 1920-1927 by Juan Lepiani. By Juan Lepiani - https://img.haarets.co.il/img/1.4276143/4073906597.jpg, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=120590094
Dec 6, 1534 CE
Founding of Quito
Spanish conquistadors officially found San Francisco de Quito on the ruins of the Inca city. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Quito, 20 de febrero 2020.- Fachada Asamblea Nacional. Fotos: Alexander Moya / Asamblea Nacional By Asamblea Nacional del Ecuador - https://www.flickr.com/photos/asambleanacional/49562589256/, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=87537623
1563 CE
Real Audiencia of Quito
The Spanish Crown establishes the Real Audiencia of Quito, creating a key administrative and judicial district. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Mapa de que comprende todo el distrito de la Audiencia de Quito. By Francisco Requena y Herrera - http://banrepcultural.org/node/97259, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18873514
Feb 4, 1797 CE
Riobamba Earthquake
A massive earthquake strikes the central highlands, destroying Riobamba and killing thousands of residents. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Flag of Ecuador By President of the Republic of Ecuador, first uploaded by Denelson83, modifications by Mark45ok. - Corrected version., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=180776808
Aug 10, 1809 CE
First Call for Independence
Quito's criollo rebels depose Spanish authorities, issuing the first proclamation of independence in Latin America. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Flag of Ecuador By President of the Republic of Ecuador, first uploaded by Denelson83, modifications by Mark45ok. - Corrected version., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=180776808
May 24, 1822 CE
Battle of Pichincha
Patriot forces led by Antonio José de Sucre defeat the Spanish royalists on the slopes of Pichincha volcano. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Cuadro de representación de la Batalla de Pichincha. By Template:Detalle de cuadro al óleo de Luis Peñaherrera elaborado para el Palacio de Carondelet - https://www.laprensa.com.ec/24-de-mayo-batalla-del-pichincha/, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=97402784
May 13, 1830 CE
Ecuador Becomes Independent
Following the dissolution of Gran Colombia, the Republic of Ecuador is formally established as a sovereign state. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Flag of Ecuador By President of the Republic of Ecuador, first uploaded by Denelson83, modifications by Mark45ok. - Corrected version., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=180776808
Mar 6, 1845 CE
Marcist Revolution
A popular uprising in Guayaquil overthrows General Juan José Flores, ending his conservative authoritarian rule. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Flag of Ecuador, 1845 By Orange Tuesday at English Wikipedia (Original text: Orange Tuesday (talk)) - Own work (Original text: self-made), Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3961430
1859 CE
Ecuadorian-Peruvian War
Peru blockades and occupies Guayaquil, forcing Ecuador to cede vast Amazonian territories amid political fragmentation. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Flag of Ecuador By President of the Republic of Ecuador, first uploaded by Denelson83, modifications by Mark45ok. - Corrected version., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=180776808
1861 CE
García Moreno Takes Power
Gabriel García Moreno assumes the presidency, establishing a fiercely conservative, Catholic-oriented authoritarian state. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Picture of the former ecuadorian president Gabriel garcía Moreno. By Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7919810
Jun 5, 1895 CE
Liberal Revolution
Eloy Alfaro leads a liberal revolution in Guayaquil, ending decades of conservative rule and secularizing the state. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Representation of the Battle of Chasqui, you can see the montoneros of Eloy Alfaro before the battle. By http://www.enciclopediadelecuador.com/historia-del-ecuador/batalla-chasqui/ - AnonymousUnknown author, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=102151015
Jun 25, 1908 CE
Guayaquil-Quito Railway Opens
The monumental trans-Andean railroad connecting the coast to the highlands is completed, boosting national integration. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Flag of Ecuador By President of the Republic of Ecuador, first uploaded by Denelson83, modifications by Mark45ok. - Corrected version., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=180776808
1918 CE
Spanish Flu Epidemic
The devastating global influenza pandemic reaches Ecuador, causing significant mortality and social disruption nationwide. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Emergency hospital during influenza epidemic, Camp Funston, Kansas. Emergency hospital during influenza epidemic (NCP 1603), National Museum of Health and Medicine. Description: Beds with patients in an emergency hospital in Camp Funston, Kansas, in the midst of the influenza epidemic. The flu struck while America was at war, and was transported across the Atlantic on troop ships. Date: circa 1918 Photo ID: NCP 1603 Source Collection: OHA 250: New Contributed Photographs Collection, Otis Historical Archives, National Museum of Health and Medicine. Rights: No known restrictions upon publication, physical copy retained by the National Museum of Health and Medicine. Publication and high resolution requests should be directed to NMHM (www.medicalmuseum.mil). This is our most-requested flu photograph. It may be on another or our Flickr pages. By Otis Historical Archives, National Museum of Health and Medicine - Emergency hospital during influenza epidemic (NCP 1603), National Museum of Health and Medicine. https://www.buckscountycouriertimes.com/news/20190923/mxfctter-museum-to-mark-historic-influenza-pandemic/1, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25513204
Jul 5, 1941 CE
1941 War with Peru
Peru invades the southern Amazon region, initiating a brief but decisive border conflict with Ecuador. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Photos during the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War By Unknown author - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ecuadorian%E2%80%93Peruvian_War, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=153981083
Jan 29, 1942 CE
Rio Protocol Signed
Ecuador signs the Protocol of Rio de Janeiro, formally ceding extensive disputed territory to Peru. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Firma del Protocolo de Río de Janeiro (1942) By Reproducción fotográfica - Archivo El Comercio, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2665715
Aug 5, 1949 CE
Ambato Earthquake
A catastrophic earthquake destroys the city of Ambato and surrounding towns, killing over 5,000 people. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Flag of Ecuador By President of the Republic of Ecuador, first uploaded by Denelson83, modifications by Mark45ok. - Corrected version., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=180776808
Jul 11, 1963 CE
Military Junta Takes Power
A military coup overthrows President Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy, establishing a dictatorial junta. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Map of Ecuador By Directorate of Intelligence, CIA - https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ec.html, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37711066
Jun 1, 1972 CE
Oil Boom Begins
The Trans-Ecuadorian Pipeline opens, initiating a massive oil boom and transforming the national economy. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Flag of Ecuador By President of the Republic of Ecuador, first uploaded by Denelson83, modifications by Mark45ok. - Corrected version., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=180776808
Aug 10, 1979 CE
Return to Democracy
Jaime Roldós Aguilera is inaugurated, ending a decade of military dictatorships and restoring democratic rule. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Jaime Roldós Aguilera By Juan Serrano - https://www.flickr.com/photos/138394678@N06/22971841083/, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=174150654
Jan 22, 1981 CE
Paquisha War
A brief armed conflict erupts between Ecuador and Peru over disputed border outposts in the Condor range. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Conflicto del Falso Paquisha By The University of Texas at Austin - .mw-parser-output .messagebox{margin:4px 0;width:auto;border-collapse:collapse;border:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive,#6485d1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#fbfcff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);box-sizing:border-box;border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .mbox-warning,.mw-parser-output .mbox-speedy{border:2px solid var(--border-color-error,#b22222);background:var(--background-color-error-subtle,#ffdbdb);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-serious,.mw-parser-output .mbox-delete,.mw-parser-output .mbox-stop{border:2px solid var(--border-color-error,#b22222);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-issue,.mw-parser-output .mbox-content{border:2px solid #f28500;background:var(--background-color-warning-subtle,#ffe);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-query,.mw-parser-output .mbox-style{border:2px solid #f4c430;background:var(--background-color-warning-subtle,#ffe);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-shit{border:2px solid #960;border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-license{border:2px solid #88a;border-inline-start-width:initial}.mw-parser-output .mbox-legal{border:2px solid var(--border-color-notice,#666);background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-honor{border:2px solid #ca3;background:var(--background-color-warning-subtle,#fcf4db);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-growth{border:2px solid #8d4;background:var(--background-color-success-subtle,#d5fdf4);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-move{border:2px solid #93c;border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-protection,.mw-parser-output .mbox-message{border:2px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .messagebox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .messagebox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .messagebox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .messagebox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.messagebox img{max-width:none!important}This image is a copy or a derivative work of peru_ecuador_81.jpg, from the map collection of the Perry–Castañeda Library (PCL) of the University of Texas at Austin. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=99945264
Jan 26, 1995 CE
Cenepa War
Ecuador and Peru clash again in the Cenepa River valley, resulting in a tense but localized military conflict. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Peru-Ecuador (Area of Boundary Dispute). By The University of Texas at Austin - .mw-parser-output .messagebox{margin:4px 0;width:auto;border-collapse:collapse;border:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive,#6485d1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#fbfcff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);box-sizing:border-box;border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .mbox-warning,.mw-parser-output .mbox-speedy{border:2px solid var(--border-color-error,#b22222);background:var(--background-color-error-subtle,#ffdbdb);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-serious,.mw-parser-output .mbox-delete,.mw-parser-output .mbox-stop{border:2px solid var(--border-color-error,#b22222);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-issue,.mw-parser-output .mbox-content{border:2px solid #f28500;background:var(--background-color-warning-subtle,#ffe);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-query,.mw-parser-output .mbox-style{border:2px solid #f4c430;background:var(--background-color-warning-subtle,#ffe);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-shit{border:2px solid #960;border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-license{border:2px solid #88a;border-inline-start-width:initial}.mw-parser-output .mbox-legal{border:2px solid var(--border-color-notice,#666);background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-honor{border:2px solid #ca3;background:var(--background-color-warning-subtle,#fcf4db);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-growth{border:2px solid #8d4;background:var(--background-color-success-subtle,#d5fdf4);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-move{border:2px solid #93c;border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .mbox-protection,.mw-parser-output .mbox-message{border:2px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);border-inline-start-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .messagebox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .messagebox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .messagebox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .messagebox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.messagebox img{max-width:none!important}This image is a copy or a derivative work of peru_ecuador_81.jpg, from the map collection of the Perry–Castañeda Library (PCL) of the University of Texas at Austin. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11141268
Oct 26, 1998 CE
Peace with Peru
Ecuador and Peru sign a definitive peace treaty, ending centuries of territorial disputes and border tensions. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Frontera Ecuador-Peru segun Generic Mapping Tools en 2011 By Createaccount - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15412193
Jan 9, 2000 CE
Dollarization of Economy
President Jamil Mahuad announces the adoption of the US dollar to combat hyperinflation and economic collapse. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Colección privada PJA By Pablo Jarrín - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=91402715
Sep 28, 2008 CE
New Constitution Adopted
A new progressive constitution is approved via referendum, recognizing rights of nature and indigenous concepts. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
Coat of arms of Ecuador By Ysangkok and others - Extracted from Flag of Ecuador.svg by Ysangkok., CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=125895020
Apr 16, 2016 CE
Devastating Coastal Earthquake
A 7.8 magnitude earthquake strikes the Pacific coast, killing hundreds and causing widespread infrastructure destruction. Source — Wikipedia, "Ecuador":
El Ministro de Defensa, Jakke Valakivi, acompañó al presidente de la República Ollanta Humala, al puerto de Manta, Ecuador, para supervisar la entrega de 285 toneladas de ayuda humanitaria enviada en el BAP Tacna. By Galeria del Ministerio de Defensa del Perú - PRESIDENTE DE ECUADOR RAFAEL CORREA AGRADECE ENORME GESTO DE SOLIDARIDAD DE GOBIERNO Y PUEBLO PERUANO, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49344666
