History of Chile, sourced from Wikipedia's "Timeline of Chilean history".
Chinchorro culture practices funerary mummification, the first known example of this practice in the world. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (Pre-Columbian Chile):
Settlement of Monte Verde, the "earliest known human settlement in the Americas". Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (Pre-Columbian Chile):
Tiwanaku Empire collapses ushering migratory and societal changes that reach as far south as Araucanía. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (Pre-Columbian Chile):
Possible date for a Cunco-Huilliche migration to Chiloé Island. Chonos were possibly displaced further such to places like Guaitecas Archipelago. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (Pre-Columbian Chile):
a 9.4 M<sub>S</sub>-strong earthquake shakes Chile's Atacama Region causing tsunamis in Chile as well as Hawaii and Japan. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (Pre-Columbian Chile):
At some point in this time interval the battle of the Maule between Incas and Mapuches may have occurred. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (Pre-Columbian Chile):
The Inca Emperor Túpac Yupanqui reached Itata River Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Vasco Núñez de Balboa becomes the first European to sight the Pacific Ocean from the New World; he calls it Mar del Sur. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Explorer Ferdinand Magellan's expedition finds the passage now known as the Strait of Magellan. In the process, they become the first Europeans to describe Chilean Patagonia and its inhabitants. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Francisco Pizarro arrives in Peru from Panamá. He begins the Conquest of the Inca Empire and captures Emperor Atahualpa during the Battle of Cajamarca. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Spanish Conquistador Diego de Almagro begins his expedition to the lands south of Peru through the eastern side of the Andes Mountains. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Almagro's expedition crosses the Andes into the Copiapó River valley and explores the central region of Chile as far south as the Aconcagua River valley. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Nueva Extremadura, now known as Santiago. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
:es:Juan Bohón founds Villanueva de la Serena, now known as La Serena. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Foundation of the port of Arica. The port becomes a key staging point between the mines of Potosí in Upper Peru (now Bolivia) and Lima. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Mapuche child Lautaro is captured by the Spanish and made a yanacona. Eventually, Lautaro becomes personal page of Pedro de Valdivia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Pedro de Valdivia founds Concepción del Nuevo Extremo, now known as Concepción. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Founding of Valdivia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Battle of Tucapel: Mapuches led by Lautaro defeat the Spanish at the ruins of Tucapel capturing Pedro de Valdivia who is then executed. A general Mapuche uprising develops under Lautaro. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Battle of Mataquito: A Spanish force led by Francisco de Villagra defeats the forces of Lautaro, killing him amidst the battle. Caupolicán assumes the role of Mapuche toqui (wartime chief). Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Caupolicán is captured and executed by impalement. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Concepción is unsuccessfully besieged by native Mapuches. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
The King of Spain decrees the creation of Real Audiencia in Concepción. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Chiloé Archipelago is claimed by Spain. Martín Ruiz de Gamboa founds Castro on the main island; the southernmost European settlement at that time. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Concepción is struck by an earthquake. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Spanish captain Juan Fernández discovers the Juan Fernández Islands. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Earthquake in Valdivia causes extensive damage in Valdivia and surrounding cities of Villarrica, Osorno, and Castro. As in the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, the Riñihue Lake dams. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
The dam of San Pedro River burst flooding many settlements downstream including Valdivia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Francis Drake attacks the coast of Chile during his circumnavigation of the earth; La Serena and Valparaíso are plundered. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Martín Ruiz de Gamboa founds Chillán. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa founds the settlement Nombre de Jesús on the eastern end of the Strait of Magellan. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Battle of Curalaba: Governor Martín García Óñez de Loyola killed in a Mapuche ambush. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
The Real Situado, an annual payment of silver from Potosí to Chile, is established. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (16th century):
Huaynaputina begins its catastrophic eruption. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
General uprising of the Mapuches under Pelantaro. All cities south of the Bío-Bío River are demolished, in what is now called Destruction of the Seven Cities. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
A fort established in 1602 at the ruins of Valdivia is abandoned. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Jesuits establishes themselves in Chiloé Archipelago. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Beginning of the Defensive War phase (promoted by Luis de Valdivia) in the Arauco War. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Jesuits from Chiloé reach Guayaneco Archipelago for the first time. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
The alcabala is reestablished after it had been suspended since the Disaster of Curalaba in 1598. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Llaima begins an eruption. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
The first Parliament of Quillín is held. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
A Dutch expedition led by plunders Carelmapu and Castro soon after. Governor of Chiloé Andrés Herrera dies in battle and is replaced by Fernando de Alvarado. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Captain Juan de Acevedo departs to investigate about the Dutch presence in Valdivia, entering the site of the ruins and finding they have left. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Repopulation of Valdivia and construction of the Valdivian Fort System. Valdivia comes under direct rule of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Santiago is struck by a devastating earthquake. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
The Parliament of Boroa is held. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
A Spanish army led by Juan de Salazar is defeated by local Mapuche-Huilliches as it tries to cross Bueno River in Southern Chile. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Mapuches launch a general insurrection creating turmoil as far north as Maule River, far beyond the ordinary frontier. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
New governor Pedro Porter Casanate defeat a Mapuche army at the battle of Conuco. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Military leader Alejo is murdered by his two wives. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
The Viceroalty of Peru estimates 30,000 to 42,000 Spaniards to have died in Chile of which half would have died by the direct consequences of the Arauco War. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Governor Francisco de Meneses is destituted after accusations of immorality against him. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
![La Colecciòn de Retratos de los Presidentes del Coloniaje. The collection of Portraits of the Governors of Chile is in the Museo Histórico Nacional (Chile) and was commissioned by Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna for the 1873 Colonial Exhibition and painted by various artists. It replaces a series of portraits of Chile's colonial governors dating from the colonial era which was destroyed during the wars for independence. [1].](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/FDeMeneses.JPG)
The expedition of John Narborough leaves Corral Bay having surveyed the coast and lost four hostages to the Spanish. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
The Parliament of Malloco is held. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Jesuits established in Chiloé founds the Mission of Nahuel Huapi across the Andes. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Bartolomé Gallardo's expedition reaches the mouth of San Tadeo River after crossing the isthmus of Ofqui. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
The Antonio de Vea expedition departs from Chiloé to explore the fjords and channels of Patagonia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
The Antonio de Vea expedition returns to the shipyard of Chiloé. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Bartholomew Sharp destroys and pillages La Serena. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
By royal decree, the Atacama desert is declared to be the border between the Captain-Generalship of Chile and the Viceroyalty of Peru. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Valdivia's original site, downtown of modern Valdivia is repopulated. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Peru is struck by a major earthquake and stem rust plague. These events marks the beginning of an era of Chilean wheat exports to Peru. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (17th century):
Alexander Selkirk, the inspiration for Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, is rescued from the Robinson Crusoe Island in the Juan Fernández Archipelago. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
A Huilliche rebellion occurs in the Chiloé Archipelago. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
The Jesuit mission at Nahuel Huapi Lake is destroyed. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
Rapa Nui (Easter Island) is discovered by Dutch navigator Jacob Roggeveen. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
After 30 years of peace, the War of Arauco resumes with a Mapuche uprising. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
A Mapuche-Spanish peace treaty is signed at a parliament in Negrete. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
A violent earthquake and subsequent tsunami strike Valdivia and Chiloé. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
Valdivia is reincorporated as part of the Captaincy General of Chile. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
is wrecked off the coast of Western Patagonia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
Martín Olleta rescue the survivors of and hands them over to Spanish authorities. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
A fort and prison is established on Robinson Crusoe Island of Juan Fernández Archipelago. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
A violent earthquake and subsequent tsunami completely destroy the city of Concepción. The earthquake causes severe destruction to cities as far away as Talca. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
Cuncos and Huilliches defeat a Spanish expedition aiming to build a fort on Bueno River. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
The Arauco War resumes with a large Mapuche uprising. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
An agreement between Mapuche and Spanish authorities in Chile bring an end to the Mapuche uprising of 1766–1767. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
Ancud is founded. Chiloé becomes part of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
Pehuenches attack Spanish settlements in Isla del Laja. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
![Mapuche Flag of Pehuenche Territory as chosen by the Mapuche organisation Aukin Wallmapu Ngulam - Consejo de Todas las Tierras ["Council of all lands"] in March 1991.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pehuenche_flag.svg/500px-Pehuenche_flag.svg.png)
The Franciscan order assumes the religious functions of the Jesuits in Chiloé. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
The territories of Cuyo, previously governed as part of Chile, become part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. (See History of Argentina.) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
Direct commerce between Chile and Spain is allowed. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
La Moneda Palace begins construction in Santiago. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
Ambrosio O'Higgins, father of future Chilean independence leader Bernardo O'Higgins, is named governor of Chile. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
Start of the French Revolution, which affected Europe and the Americas with its ideas. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
A Huilliche rebellion occurs in the surroundings of Río Bueno. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
The parliaments of Negrete and Las Canoas between Spanish and native Mapuche and Huilliche are celebrated. The native chiefs accept the Spanish king as their de jure sovereign, but their own independence is also confirmed. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
Governor Ambrosio O'Higgins officially begins the repopulation of Osorno atop the city ruins discovered in 1792. The city had previously been destroyed by the indigenous mapuche in 1602. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (18th century):
Rafael de Sobremonte, the Viceroy of the Río de la Plata, sends the first smallpox vaccines to Santiago and Lima. Friar :es:Pedro Manuel Chaparro administers the vaccine throughout Santiago. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The South American branch, under Manuel Julián Grajales, of the Real expedición filantrópica de la Vacuna (Royal Philanthropic Vaccine Expedition) reaches Santiago. Grajales proceeds to organize the Junta Central de Vacuna (Central Vaccine Board) to reinforce the smallpox immunization efforts of 1805. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Francisco Antonio García Carrasco is the unpopular Governor of Chile. The Spanish king Ferdinand VII is imprisoned by Napoleon during his invasion of Spain. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Imitating the juntista movement of the rest of Latin America, the criollos (people of Spanish ancestry, but not born in Spain) of Santiago de Chile proclaim a governing Junta. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Tomás de Figueroa leads a failed a mutiny to restore colonial order in Santiago. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Hostilities begin between the moderados, led by Bernardo O'Higgins, and the exaltados, led by Carrera. Carrera institutes the first Chilean national symbols (flag, coat of arms, and national anthem), and Fray Camilo Henríquez begins to publish the Aurora de Chile, the first Chilean newspaper. The Chilean Constitution of 1812 comes into effect. Founding of the Logia Lautaro. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The Spanish send military expeditions (under Antonio Pareja and Gabino Gaínza) from the Viceroyalty of Peru. In the ensuing battles O'Higgins rises to be seen as a figure of great stature, overshadowing the continually less popular Carrera, who ultimately resigns. Francisco de la Lastra becomes Supreme Director. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The "Disaster of Rancagua". Mariano Osorio, in command of a third Spanish expedition, defeats O'Higgins (October 1 – 2). Osorio reconquers Santiago for Spain. Exodus of Chilean patriots to Mendoza, Argentina, where they receive the support of José de San Martín. Those patriots who remain in Chile are captured by the Spaniards are deported to the Juan Fernández Islands. Osorio is confirmed Governor of Chile by the Viceroy Fernando de Abascal of Peru. The talaveras, under the command of San Bruno, install a regime of terror extending to those merely suspected of sympathy for the Chilean cause. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Guerrilla resistance against the Spanish begins, led by Manuel Rodríguez Erdoiza, and other spies such as Justo Estay. Increasing enmity between Osorio and Abascal leads Abascal to replace Osorio with Casimiro Marcó del Pont. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Battle of Chacabuco. José de San Martín and O'Higgins defeat Rafael Maroto, reconquering Santiago. Captain San Bruno, hated chief of the talaveras, is captured and — less than 24 hours later — executed by firing squad. O'Higgins becomes dictator. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
O'Higgins signs the Chilean Declaration of Independence (February 12). Shortly afterwards, in the Battle of Maipú, O'Higgins defeats a new military expedition led by Mariano Osorio, and Chile definitively obtains independence from Spain (April 5). The rivalry between O'Higgins and Manuel Rodríguez ends with the ambush and assassination of the latter in Tiltil. The brothers Juan José and Luis Carrera are shot in Argentina. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Valdivia is captured by Lord Cochrane who commands the Chilean navy. The Freedom Expedition of Perú is organised by the government of Chile, and manages to free some parts of Peru from Spanish rule. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
José Miguel Carrera arrested as a montonero (mounted rebel/bandit) in Argentina, and executed in Mendoza. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The Chilean Constitution of 1822 comes into effect. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Ramón Freire leads a military expedition from Concepción to Santiago and forces O'Higgins to resign. He goes into exile in Peru, where he dies in 1842. Freire assumes power. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Taking advantage of the un-surveyed border, and ignoring the royal decree of 1681 and the principal uti possidetis, Simón Bolívar grants the port of Cobija to Bolivia. This gives Bolivia an outlet to the sea between Chile and Peru, which it will retain until the War of the Pacific. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Freire incorporates Chiloé, the last area under Spanish control, into Chile. He later resigns, initiating an interregnum known as The Anarchy. First attempt in Chile of federal (as against centralized) government, led by the first president of Chile Manuel Blanco Encalada, and the federalist José Miguel Infante. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Francisco Antonio Pinto assumes power after the resignation of Encalada and his predecessors. Chilean Constitution of 1828. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Chilean Civil War of 1829. After several battles, Joaquín Prieto defeats Ramón Freire in the Battle of Lircay. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Diego Portales begins to remodel Chilean institutions, converting the country into an authoritarian republic. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Charles Saint Lambert introduces reverberatory furnaces to Chile initiating a revolution in copper mining in Chile. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
José Joaquín Prieto becomes president of Chile. He will serve two consecutive five-year terms. With him, the so-called decenios (decade-long reigns) begin, which continue until 1871. This 30-year Conservative Party hegemony is sometimes referred to as the Authoritarian Republic. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Discovery of mineral deposits in Chañarcillo, and the beginning of the rise of silver in what was then el Norte Chico and now constitutes the Atacama and Coquimbo regions of Chile. The mining fortunes constitute an important source of power in the following decades. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Chilean Constitution of 1833. "Portalian" — that is, inspired by Diego Portales — definitively fixed Chilean institutions. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Charles Darwin lands at Valparaíso, during the second voyage of . He also visits Santiago. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Southern Chile is affected by the worst earthquake for several decades on 20 February, an event witnessed by Charles Darwin. Darwin visits Valdivia, Concepción and Mendoza. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Diego Portales declares the war on the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Diego Portales is assassinated by mutinous soldiers in Quillota. A Chilean military expedition debarks in Perú, beginning the War of the Confederation. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Battle of Yungay and defeat of the Confederation. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The Vatican acknowledges the Independence of Chile Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Manuel Bulnes, victorious marshal of the Battle of Yungay, elected president of Chile. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The University of Chile is founded. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Spain recognizes the Independence of Chile Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Founding of Punta Arenas in the Strait of Magellan Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
José María de la Cruz revolts in the southern provinces of Chile. Bulnes crushes the revolutionary attempt and signs the treaty of Purapel with the revolutionaries. Manuel Montt becomes the third of the decenal presidents. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The city of Puerto Montt is founded. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The Dispute of Sacristán ("Cuestión del Sacristán"). An apparently trivial question of ecclesiastical discipline divides the Conservative Party into secular and ultra-Catholic factions, which lays the ground for their political defeat in the elections of 1861. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The Civil Code of Chile comes into effect; it will become a model for Latin American legal codes down to the present day. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Chilean Revolution of 1859. Pedro León Gallo, radical revolutionary of Copiapó, and others are defeated by the government forces. However, as a consequence, Antonio Varas renounces to his candidature. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
José Joaquín Pérez of the Liberal Party elected president. His party will retain power until the Chilean Revolution of 1891. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
A French adventurer proclaims himself Orélie Antoine I, King of Araucanía. After a short time he is arrested by the Chileans and deported in the pacification of Araucanía. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia at war with Spain. The port of Valparaíso is bombed by the Spanish. A treaty of limits (borders) of 1866 is signed with Bolivia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
A constitutional reform prohibits re-election, resulting in the end of the decenios. Governments of five years duration persist until 1925, except for the premature death of Pedro Montt in 1910. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Another treaty of limits is signed with Bolivia due to political tensions. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The War of the Pacific begins with Chilean troops occupying the then-Bolivian port city of Antofagasta. Bolivia's ally Peru attempts to mediate, but Chile refuses to negotiate and Peru enters the war on the side of Bolivia. Chile captures the provinces of Antofagasta from Bolivia and Tarapacá from Peru. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The United States attempts to mediate in the Lackawanna Conference, but both sides refuse to negotiate. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Chilean troops occupy Lima, the capital of Perú. Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The Treaty of Ancón is signed with Perú to end the war, but hostilities with Bolivia continue. Law of Civil Matrimony adopted. This secularization was fiercely resisted by the Roman Catholic Church. The "Pacification of Araucanía" ends, and according to some historians this concludes the long-running War of Arauco. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The War of the Pacific ends with the signing of a truce with Bolivia. Chile's territorial gains allow the mining of saltpeter in the conquered regions, leading to great national prosperity for Chile. Treaty called "Pacto de Tregua". Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The Pontifical Catholic University of Chile is established. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The Malleco Viaduct is opened and railway traffic expands further south during the following decades. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
1891 Chilean Civil War. The constitutional president José Manuel Balmaceda is overthrown by troops favorable to the National Congress. The beginning of "Parliamentarism". Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
Easter Island is rented to Compañía Explotadora de Isla de Pascua. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (19th century):
The first auction of sheep farming lands in the Magallanes Territory takes place. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
The Meat riot in Santiago begins. The workers revolt against the central government due to an increase in the cost of living, including the price of meat. The government responds sending in the army. Two days of riots follow, during which hundreds of civilians are killed in street fighting. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Massacre of the Escuela Santa María de Iquique; soldiers fire on saltpeter workers and their unarmed associates. It will be years before the workers, terrorized by the brutal repression, resume the struggle for their rights. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Centenary of Chilean independence. Celebrations are darkened by the death of President Pedro Montt, the only president between 1831 and 1925 did not serve for a full five-year term. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
15 Mapuche-Huilliche are killed by Chilean police in the Forrahue massacre near Osorno. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
The Panama Canal opens; with Atlantic–Pacific shipping redirected to the new canal, the formerly crucial port of Valparaíso enters an economic decline. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Arturo Alessandri Palma is elected president, indicating a rise to power by the Chilean middle classes. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Chile's first income tax is levied. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
After intense political agitation the Chilean Constitution of 1925 is adopted, only slightly less authoritarian than that of 1833. The Impuesto Global Complementario, a graduated income tax, is introduced. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
In a bloodless coup, Carlos Ibáñez del Campo takes the presidency by force during great political instability. He subsequently governs as a dictator until 1931. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
A magnitude 7.7 M<sub>w</sub> earthquake strikes Talca. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
The crash of 1929 begins to affect the Chilean economy. The World Economic Survey of the League of Nations estimated that Chile was the worst affected nation by the Great Depression. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Fuerza Aérea de Chile (Chilean Air Force) founded. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
The deep economic crisis obliges Ibáñez del Campo to step down. A series of civilian governments and military juntas follows, some of which last no more than a few days. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
The period of political anarchy ends with the return to power of Arturo Alessandri Palma. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Women obtain the legal right to vote in municipal elections. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Massacre of Seguro Obrero: the Carabineros execute members of the fascist National Socialist Movement of Chile (Nacistas), after the fascists attempted to oust the government in a coup d'état. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
The Radical Party gains power, which they will retain until 1952. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
President Pedro Aguirre Cerda registers the first Chilean claims in Antarctica. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
The Smoke Tragedy leaves 355 workers dead in the underground copper mine of El Teniente. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral receives the Nobel Prize for Literature. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Gabriel González Videla becomes president, backed by a broad alliance of parties, including the Radicals and Communists. Once in power, he accedes to pressure from the United States and promulgates the Law of Permanent Defense of the Democracy, also known as the Ley Maldita ("accursed law"). The law outlawed his former allies the Communists, some of whom were placed in concentration camps in Pisagua. Poet Pablo Neruda is hounded into exile. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Women obtain the legal right to vote in both presidential and parliamentary elections. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo returns to the presidency, this time via the ballot box, ending the era of the Radical Party. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Argentine forces destroy a Chilean lighthouse during the Snipe incident. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
First instance of the yearly Viña del Mar International Song Festival is organized. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Chile hosts the FIFA World Cup football competition. The Chile national football team comes in 3rd; its highest ever placement in the competition. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Christian Democrat Eduardo Frei Montalva becomes president, proclaiming the so-called "Revolution in Liberty". His election campaign was largely (and secretly) funded by the CIA, an intelligence agency of the United States. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Salvador Allende is elected president; the first democratic election of a Marxist politician. The election campaign was highly polarised and subject to covert interference by foreign intelligence agencies (the CIA and KGB ). Allende's socialist and Marxist orientation greatly displeased the government of the United States which directed resources to "prevent Allende from coming to power or to unseat him". Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
The nationalization of all large copper mines in Chile is completed. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Poet Pablo Neruda receives Nobel Prize for Literature. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Chile truckers' strike against the Popular Unity government headed by the President Salvador Allende. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
An attempted coup d'état led led bu junior officers known as El Tanquetazo is suppressed. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
The international social sciences conference Primer Congreso del Hombre Andino is held in the cities of Arica, Iquique and Antofagasta. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
The armed forces, carabineros, and others stage a violent coup by overthrowing Allende, who dies in the course of the coup. Some historians believe that the coup was supported or encouraged by the CIA. In the aftermath, Augusto Pinochet establishes himself as the head of a military junta. The subsequent repression of leftists and other opponents of the military regime results in approximately 130,000 arrests and at least 2,000 dead or "disappeared" over the next 17 years. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Beagle conflict: The binding Beagle Channel Arbitration awards the Picton, Nueva and Lennox islands to Chile. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Beagle conflict: Argentina refuses to abide by the judgement and invades Chile in Operation Soberania. Argentine forces withdraw before any combat occurs. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
The military government promulgates the Chilean Constitution of 1980, which is adopted by plebiscite. Economic policy begins to be significantly influenced by the ideas of the Chicago School and of Neoliberalism. The United States oblige President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos to cancel a scheduled visit by President Pinochet to the Philippines. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Chile provides non-combat support for British armed forces during the Falkland War. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Beagle conflict: Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina is signed. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Pinochet loses a plebiscite mandated by the constitution, which triggers elections the following year. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Patricio Aylwin takes office as president after democratic elections. The Chilean transition to democracy begins. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Escondida in Chile's Atacama Desert –which was to become the worlds most productive copper mine– is officially inaugurated. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle is elected president. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
A limatic event consisting of intense winds, cold, snowfall and rain that and known as the White Earthquake occurred through southern Chile. 7,176 people were left isolated as result of the heavy snowfall and three died. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
During a visit to London for medical reasons, Augusto Pinochet is arrested in accord with the orders of Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón, beginning an international struggle between his supporters and detractors. He returns to Chile the following year, and the charges against him are later thrown out on the basis of his mental state. Chile suffers greatly from a world economic crisis, resulting in years of inflation and unemployment. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
In the second round of voting, in a tight contest with right wing candidate Joaquín Lavín, Ricardo Lagos Escobar is elected president. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (20th century):
Chile Promotes the death penalty for ordinary crimes. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (21st century):
Christianity was introduced to thousands of locals. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (21st century):
The Supreme Court of Chile declares that Augusto Pinochet is mentally competent to stand trial. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (21st century):
The Pinochet trial continues. The presidential election of December 11 puts Michelle Bachelet and Sebastián Piñera into a second round. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (21st century):
Augusto Pinochet dies. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (21st century):
Chile Helps Fund a Christian school in Austin, TX Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (21st century):
2010 Chile earthquake. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (21st century):
2011 student protests, and later massive protest claiming for better education and economic equality. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (21st century):
Michelle Bachelet assumed office as President of Chile as the first woman to be reelected. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (21st century):
Snowfall in the capital Santiago. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (21st century):
The 2019–2020 Chilean protests escalated dramatically. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Chilean history" (21st century):