History of Indonesia, sourced from Wikipedia's "Timeline of Indonesian history".
The prehistoric clay pottery Buni culture (near present-day Bekasi) flourished in coastal northern West Java. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (4th century BCE):
"Dvipantara" or "Yawadvipa", a mystic Hindu kingdom is mentioned in India's earliest epic, the Ramayana; Sugriva, the chief of Rama's army dispatched his men to Yawadvipa in search of Sita then later used by the Indianized islander of Java Island and kingdom of Portugal to name the island during the age of discovery. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (2nd century BCE):
A footprint of a kingdom in Java island according to Chinese records. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (1st century BCE):
The Kutai Martadipura phase in East Kalimantan produced the earliest known stone inscriptions in Indonesia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (4th century CE):
Several stone inscriptions were created in West Java. Among others, the Tugu inscription announce decrees of Purnavarman, the king of Tarumanagara, one of the earliest Indianized kingdom in Java. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (5th century CE):
A Tang dynasty Chinese source written by I-tsing, mentioned about Holing (Kalingga) kingdom, located somewhere on the northern coast of Central Java. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (7th century):
I-tsing visited Srivijaya and Malayu in Sumatra and Kedah in Malay peninsula on his way to Nalanda, India. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (7th century):
Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa performed Siddhayatra as the journey to expand his influence. The event is mentioned in several inscriptions such as Telaga Batu inscription, Talang Tuwo inscription, and Kedukan Bukit Inscription. The beginning of Srivijaya hegemony over the maritime region around Malacca Strait and Sunda Strait. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (7th century):
Srivijaya launch naval invasion against Java, mentioned in Kota Kapur Inscription. Probably contributed to the end of Tarumanagara kingdom. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (7th century):
I-tsing returned to Srivijaya on his way back from India to China. In his record he reported that the kingdom of Malayu was captured by Srivijaya. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (7th century):
The Sumatra-based Srivijaya naval kingdom flourishes. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (7th century):
Sri Indravarman King of Srivijaya send a letter to the Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz of the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus, signing early ancient Indonesian official contact with Islamic world in the Middle East. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (8th century):
The Sanjaya dynasty is founded around this time according to the Canggal inscription. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (8th century):
The Hindu Mataram kingdom flourishes. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (8th century):
The construction of Borobudur started. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (8th century):
Java launched series of naval raids on ports of Dai Viet, Champa and Cambodia; Sontay in Tonkin (767); Nha Trang (774); captured Indrapura in Cambodia (770); Phan Rang (787). The naval raids was probably launched by Shailendran-Srivijayan Maharaja Dharmasetu or Dharanindra. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (8th century):
Kalasan temple constructed according to Kalasan inscription. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (8th century):
The Manjusrigrha (Sewu) temple is completed according to Manjusrigrha inscription. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (8th century):
The agriculturally based Buddhist Shailendra dynasty rules Sumatra and Java. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (8th century):
Borobudur is completed during the reign of Samaratungga. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (9th century):
Prambanan is completed. According to Shivagrha inscription Rakai Pikatan — the husband of Pramodhawardhani — defeated Balaputra. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (9th century):
Balaputra the Maharaja of Suvarnadvipa and the ruler of Srivijaya, constructs the buddhist temple and monastery in Nalanda India, on the land given by King Devapaladeva of Pala in Benggala, according to the Nalanda inscription. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (9th century):
Sumbing volcano erupted, according to Rukam inscription. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (10th century):
The Warmadewa dynasty rules Bali. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (10th century):
During the reign of King Wawa, the capital of Mataram in Mamratipura was devastated, probably by the massive eruption of Mount Merapi. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (10th century):
Mpu Sindok moved the seat of power of the Mataram kingdom from Mamratipura in Central Java to Tamwlang in East Java and established Isyana Dynasty. The shift was probably as a result of the eruption of Mount Merapi and/or invasion from Srivijaya. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (10th century):
Mpu Sindok moved the capital again from Tamwlang to Watugaluh, both near bank of Brantas River in modern Jombang in East Java. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (10th century):
Dynastic marriage between princess Mahendradatta of Javanese Isyanas and king Udayana of Balinese Warmadewas. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (10th century):
King Dharmawangsa of Mataram kingdom launches a naval invasion on Palembang in an unsuccessful attempt to conquer Srivijaya. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (10th century):
Dharmawangsa commissioned the translation of the Mahabharata into Old Javanese. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (10th century):
Srivijaya successfully repelling the Dharmawangsa's invasion, the invasion ultimately unsuccessful. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (11th century):
King Dharmawangsa's Mataram kingdom falls under invasion of King Wurawari from Lwaram (highly possible Srivijayan ally in Java). Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (11th century):
Airlangga establishes the Kingdom of Kahuripan. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (11th century):
Rajendra Chola, the Chola king from Cholamandala in South India, conquered Pannai and Kadaram from Srivijaya and occupied it for some time. The Cholas continued a series of raids and conquests of parts Srivijayan empire in Sumatra and Malay Peninsula. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (11th century):
Sanghyang Tapak inscription in the Cicatih River bank in Cibadak, Sukabumi, West Java, mentioned about the establishment of sacred forest and Kingdom of Sunda. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (11th century):
Airlangga divided Kahuripan into two kingdoms Janggala and Kadiri and abdicated in favour of his successors. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (11th century):
King Jayawarsa of Kadiri ascends to the throne. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (12th century):
King Kamesvara of Kadiri ascends to the throne. Janggala ceases to exist and united under Kadiri domination, highly possible under royal marriage. During his reign Mpu Dharmaja writes Kakawin Smaradahana, a eulogy for the king and become the inspiration of Panji cycle, the tales that spreads across Southeast Asia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (12th century):
King Jayabaya of Kadiri ascends to the throne. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (12th century):
Battle of Genter, Ken Arok defeated Kertajaya, the last king of Kediri, thus established Singhasari kingdom Ken Arok ended the reign of Isyana Dynasty and started his own Rajasa dynasty. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (13th century):
Baab Mashur Malamo established The Kingdom of Ternate in Maluku. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (13th century):
![The flag of the Sultanate of Ternate, in the Maluku islands of Modern-day Indonesia. It contains a yellow background with a white circle with purple Jawi text. The Jawi text reads "Al-Molok Buldan Ternate/الملك بلدان ترناتي", or "The Moluccas, Sultanate of Ternate." It is a modified version of this file. Sourceː Ternate: The Residency and its Sultanate (Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate) [1]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Ternate_Sultanate.png/500px-Flag_of_the_Ternate_Sultanate.png)
King Kertanegara of Singhasari launched Pamalayu expedition against Melayu Kingdom in Sumatra. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (13th century):
King Kertanegara launched Pabali expedition to Bali, which integrated Bali into the Singhasari territory. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (13th century):
Kertanegara insult the envoy of Kublai Khan that demand Java to pay the tribute to Yuan Dynasty. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (13th century):
Jayakatwang, duke of Kediri, rebelled and killed Kertanegara, ended the Singhasari kingdom. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (13th century):
Mongol invasion of Java, Kublai Khan of Yuan dynasty China, sent punitive attack against Kertanegara of Singhasari. The Mongol forces were repelled. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (13th century):
Footprint of Islam state is present in northern tip of Sumatra. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (13th century):
King Jayanegara succeeds Kertarajasa Jayawardhana as ruler of Majapahit. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (14th century):
an Italian Franciscan friar, Mattiussi visited Sumatra, Java, and Banjarmasin in Borneo. In his record he described Majapahit kingdom. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (14th century):
Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi succeeds Jayanegara as ruler of Majapahit. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (14th century):
Hayam Wuruk, son of Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi was born. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (14th century):
Adityawarman moved the capital of Dharmasraya and established the kingdom of Malayupura in Pagarruyung, West Sumatra. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (14th century):
Hayam Wuruk, styled Sri Rajasanagara succeeds Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi as ruler of Majapahit; his reign is considered the empire's 'Golden Age'. <br/> Under its military commander Gajah Mada, Majapahit stretches over much of modern-day Indonesia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (14th century):
Kingdom of Negara Dipa was established in South Kalimantan by Empu Jatmika. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (14th century):
In the Battle of Bubat, the Sundanese royal family were massacred by the Majapahit army under the order of Gajah Mada. This event led to the death of Sundanese King Lingga Buana and the princess Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi that committed suicide. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (14th century):
The Old Javanese text Nagarakertagama is written. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (14th century):
Majapahit sends a punitive expedition against rebelling Palembang in Sumatra. Palembang's prince, Parameswara, flees to Singapura, eventually became king of Singapura for several years. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (14th century):
Wikramawardhana succeeds Sri Rajasanagara as ruler of Majapahit. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (14th century):
Majapahit launched an invasion to Singapura. Parameswara (later Iskandar Syah) flees, eventually finding his way to Malacca and establishing it as a major international port. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (14th century):
Paregreg war, Majapahit civil war of succession between Wikramawardhana against Wirabhumi. (to 1406) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (15th century):
The first voyage of Zheng He, a massive Ming dynasty naval expedition visited Java, Palembang, Malacca, Aru, Samudera and Lambri. (to 1433) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (15th century):
Queen Suhita succeeds Wikramawardhana as ruler of Majapahit. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (15th century):
Wijayaparakramawardhana, succeeds Suhita as ruler of Majapahit. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (15th century):
Rajasawardhana, born Bhre Pamotan, styled Brawijaya II succeeds Wijayaparakramawardhana as ruler of Majapahit. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (15th century):
Reign of Rajasawardhana ends. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (15th century):
Girishawardhana, styled Brawijaya III, becomes ruler of Majapahit. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (15th century):
Singhawikramawardhana, succeeds Girishawardhana as ruler of Majapahit. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (15th century):
Reign of Singhawikramawardhana ends. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (15th century):
The Portuguese king sends Diogo Lopes de Sequeira to find Malacca, the eastern terminus of Asian trade. After initially receiving Sequeira, Sultan Mahmud Syah captures and/or kills several of his men and attempts an assault on the four Portuguese ships, which escape. The Javanese fleet is also destroyed in Malacca. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
Afonso de Albuquerque after sailing from Portuguese Goa conquers the Sultanate of Malacca with a force of 1,200 and seventeen or eighteen ships. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
The first Portuguese exploratory expedition was sent eastward from Malacca to search for the 'Spice Islands' (Maluku) led by Francisco Serrão. Serrao is shipwrecked but struggles on to Hitu (northern Ambon) and wins the favour of the local rulers. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
The establishment of Banjar Sultanate in South Kalimantan with Sultan Suriansyah as the first king. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
The Portuguese established a trading post in the village of Lamakera on the eastern side of Solor as a transit harbour between Maluku and Malacca. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
Ferdinand Magellan's expedition reaches Maluku and after trade with Ternate returns to Europe with a load of cloves. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
The Portuguese ally themselves with the rulers of Ternate and begin construction of a fort. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
The Portuguese in Ternate depose Sultan Tabariji (or Tabarija) and send him to Portuguese Goa where he converts to Christianity and bequeaths his Portuguese godfather Jordao de Freitas the island of Ambon. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
Francis Xavier works among the peoples of Ambon, Ternate and Morotai (Moro) laying the foundations for a permanent mission. (to 1547) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
Sultan Khairun of Ternate protesting the Portuguese's Christianisation activities in his lands. Hostilities between Ternate and the Portuguese. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
Portuguese Dominican priests build a palm-trunk fortress which Javanese Muslims burned down the following year. The fort was rebuilt from more durable materials and the Dominicans commenced the Christianisation of the local population. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
Peace treaty was signed by Sultan Khairun of Ternate and Governor Lopez De Mesquita of Portuguese. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
Sultan Hairun of Ternate is killed by the Portuguese. The reign of Sultan Baabullah. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
Following a five-year war, the Ternateans under Sultan Baabullah defeated the Portuguese. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
The Portuguese establish a fort on Tidore but the main centre for Portuguese activities in Maluku becomes Ambon. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
The British navigator Sir Francis Drake passes through Maluku and transit in Ternate on his circumnavigation of the world. The Portuguese establish a fort on Tidore but the main centre for Portuguese activities in Maluku becomes Ambon. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
Death of Sultan Baabullah of Ternate. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
First Dutch expedition to Indonesia sets sail for the East Indies with two hundred and forty-nine men and sixty-four cannons led by Cornelis de Houtman. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
de Houtman's expedition reaches Banten the main pepper port of West Java where they clash with both the Portuguese and Indonesians. It then sails east along the north coast of Java losing twelve crew to a Javanese attack at Sidayu and killing a local ruler in Madura. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
de Houtman's expedition returns to the Netherlands with enough spices to make a considerable profit. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
The Portuguese require an armada of 90 ships to put down a Solorese uprising. (to 1599) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
The van Neck expedition returns to Europe. The expedition makes a 400 per cent profit. (to 1600) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
The Portuguese win a major naval battle in the bay of Ambon. Later in the year, the Dutch join forces with the local Hituese in an anti-Portuguese alliance, in return for which the Dutch would have the sole right to purchase spices from Hitu. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (16th century):
The Portuguese send a major (and last) expeditionary force from Malacca which succeeded in reimposing a degree of Portuguese control. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
First permanent Dutch trading post is established in Banten, West Java. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
A second English East India Company voyage commanded by Sir Henry Middleton reaches Ternate, Tidore, Ambon and Banda. Fierce VOC hostility is encountered in Banda thus beginning Anglo-Dutch competition for access to spices Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
The VOC in alliance with Hitu prepare to attack a Portuguese fort in Ambon but the Portuguese surrender. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
A Spanish fleet occupies Ternate and Tidore. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
Iskandar Muda of Aceh Sultanate launched series of naval conquest on coastal Sumatran and Malay peninsula states. (to 1637) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
The VOC establishes the post of Governor General to enable firmer control of their affairs in Asia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
The English establish trading posts at Sukadana (southwest Kalimantan), Makassar, Jayakarta and Jepara in Java, and Aceh, Pariaman and Jambi in (Sumatra) threatening Dutch ambitions for a monopoly on East Indies trade. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
The Dutch expel the Portuguese from their Solor fort. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
Jan Pieterszoon Coen appointed Governor-General of the VOC who would show he had no scruples about using brute force to establish the VOC on a firm footing. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
Almost the entire native population of Banda Islands was deported, driven away, starved to death or killed in an attempt to replace them with Dutch colonial slave labour. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
In a notorious but disputed incident, known as the 'Amboyna massacre', ten English and ten Japanese traders are arrested, tried and beheaded for conspiracy against the Dutch Government. The English quietly withdraw from most of their Indonesian activities (except trading in Bantam) and focus on other Asian interests. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
Sultan Agung of Mataram launched a failed campaign to conquer Dutch Batavia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
Iskandar Muda of Aceh Sultanate launched a failed attempt to take Portuguese Malacca. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
The Portuguese are expelled again from their Solor fort by the Dutch following a reoccupation. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
Sultan Agung of Mataram dies – and is buried at his graveyard at Imogiri Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
As a result of the Treaty of Breda between Dutch and England, the Dutch secured a worldwide monopoly on nutmeg by forcing England to give up their claim on Run, the most remote of the Banda Islands. While the Dutch did not press their claims on New Netherland. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
![Contemporary engraving showing the Peace conference of Breda between England and United Netherlands in 1667 [detail]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Congress_of_Breda.jpg/500px-Congress_of_Breda.jpg)
The Trunajaya rebellion. Followers of the Madurese prince Trunajaya rebelled against the Mataram Sultanate. After initial defeats, Mataram requested help from the VOC in exchange for various concessions. VOC-Mataram forces ultimately defeated the rebellion. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
With the decline of the spice trade, textiles are now the most important trade item in the Dutch East Indies. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (17th century):
First Javanese War of Succession. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
The first shipment of coffee from Java reaches Amsterdam. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
Surabaya rebels against the VOC. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
Second Javanese War of Succession. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
Governor-General Dirk van Cloon dies, one of many victims of disease in Batavia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
A massacre of Batavia's ethnic Chinese begins after they are suspected by the VOC of planning a rebellion. Approximately 10,000 are killed and the Chinese quarter is burned. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
The capital Kartasura fell under Geger Pecinan uprising — Raden Mas Garendi (Sunan Kuning) led Chinese mercenaries revolted against Pakubuwono II. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
Pakubuwono II established a new kraton in Sala village and established Surakarta Sunanate. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
The Treaty of Giyanti is signed, effectively partitioning the Mataram Sultanate. The VOC recognizes Mangkubumi as Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, who rules half of Central Java. Hamengkubuwono I then established Yogyakarta Sultanate, moves to Yogya and renames the city Yogyakarta Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
Salatiga treaty between Prince Sambernyawa with Pakubuwono III and Hamengkubuwono I further partitioning the remnant of Mataram Sultanate, the Mangkunegaran Grand Duchy was established. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
French expeditions capture clove plants in Ambon, ending the VOC monopoly of the plant. (to 1772) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
Captain James Cook stops at Onrust Island in the Bay of Batavia for repairs to his ship Endeavour on his round the world voyage. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences was established by a group of Dutch intellectuals. This institution is the pioneer of scientific efforts in Indonesia and the founder of National Museum of Indonesia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
Hamengkubuwana I dies. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
The Batavian Republic, a client state of the French First Republic, and successor state to the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands was proclaimed. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
The bankrupt Dutch East India Company (VOC) is formally dissolved and nationalised by the Batavian Republic. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (18th century):
First phase of Padri War. (to 1825) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
The Batavian Republic is dissolved and the Kingdom of Holland is created, a puppet kingdom set up by Napoléon Bonaparte. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
Herman Willem Daendels the Governor-general of the Dutch East Indies, During the French interim (1806–1811) begins the construction of Java Great Post Road. against an Anglo-Dutch invasion. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
British invasion of Java during the Napoleonic Wars. Stamford Raffles was appointed as the Lieutenant-Governor of Java. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
Raffles' wife, Olivia Mariamne Devenish died in Buitenzorg (now Bogor) in Java. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
Dutch colonial possessions in the East Indian Archipelago returned to the Dutch following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
Mount Tambora in Sumbawa island erupted, it was the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history that wiped out Tambora culture and killed at least 71,000 people in total (including the aftermath). The eruption created global climate anomalies known as "volcanic winter". Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
Java War (to 1830) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
Second phase of Padri War (to 1838) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
The first railway track in Indonesia was laid between Semarang and Tanggung, Central Java by the Dutch colonial government. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
The Batavian Museum (today National Museum of Indonesia) was officially opened by Dutch East Indies government. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
Official dismantling of the Cultivation System and beginning of a 'Liberal Policy' of deregulated exploitation of the Netherlands East Indies. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
The beginning of the Aceh War. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
Kartini was born in Jepara, today the date is commemorated as women's emancipation day in Indonesia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
Mount Krakatoa in Sunda Strait erupted, killed 36,417 people. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
Founding of the shipping line Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (KPM) that supported the unification and development of the colonial economy. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
Dutch intervention in Lombok and Karangasem The Dutch looted and destroyed the Cakranegara palace of Mataram. J. L. A. Brandes, a Dutch philologist discovered and secured Nagarakretagama manuscript in Lombok royal library. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
General van Heutz becomes chief of staff of Aceh campaign. Wilhelmina becomes queen of the Netherlands. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
The Opiumregie begins operations in Batavia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (19th century):
Ethical Policy is proclaimed. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Aceh declared conquered. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Jo van Heutsz becomes Governor General. Kartini established a school for women in Rembang, just like Dewi Sartika, she was considered as the pioneer of women's rights in Indonesia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The Dutch intervention in Bali (1906) destroyed the southern Bali kingdom of Badung and Tabanan. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Tirto Adhi Soerjo founds civil servants' association Sarekat Priyayi. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
During Dutch intervention in Bali (1908), the last Balinese rulers wiped out in puputan ('suicidal battle to death'). Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Islamic League (Sarekat Islam) becomes the first mass-based nationalist party. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
World War I breaks out; the Netherlands is a neutral country in the war. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
East Indies trade with Europe cut off by the war. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Mt Kelud in East Java erupts with a deathtoll of around 5,000 people. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) is founded. Economic downturn. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Birth of Pramoedya Ananta Toer. A sharp rise in world commodity prices brings prosperity to the Indies. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Nahdlatul Ulama was established by Hasyim Asy'ari as the reaction to the modernist Muhammadiyah organization. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The Great Depression in America affected the economy of Dutch East Indies. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Sukarno's famous nationalist speech, 'Indonesia Accuses', given as defence in his political trial. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Netherlands declares war on Japan. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Dutch East Indies campaign (8 December 1941 – 9 March 1942) by forces from the Empire of Japan starts. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Battle of the Java Sea, Imperial Japanese Navy defeat Allied forces ABDACOM afterwards Imperial Japan occupies Indonesia during World War II, over throwing the Dutch East Indies and install their own imperial structure. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Start of the liberation of the Dutch East Indies by Allied forces Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Between January and July landing of Dutch KNIL troops at Biak, Tarakan and Balikpapan. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Social revolutions, including the Three Regions (Tiga Daerah) Revolt. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Linggadjati Agreement, first ceasefire. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Darul Islam rebellions begin in West Java, spread to other provinces but conclude with the execution of its leader Kartosuwiryo. (to 1962) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Tan Malaka executed by Republican Army. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Military articulation of doctrines Dwifungsi and Hankamrata: a military role in sociopolitical development as well as security; a requirement that the resources of the people be at the call of the armed forces. (to 1960) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The Natsir cabinet falls. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Amid bitter disputes over the signing of a Mutual Security Agreement with the US, the Sukiman cabinet resigns. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The Wilopo cabinet resigns. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Regional rebellions in Sumatra and Sulawesi. (to August 1961) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The cabinet falls as a result of its policy toward the Dutch. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
President Sukarno announces his "Conception" (Konsepsi) of the nature of Indonesia. This will eventually lead to Guided Democracy Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
US Air Force pilot Allen Pope is shot down over Ambon, revealing covert American support of regional rebellions, and ends the Dulles brothers', Allen and John, efforts to subvert the Sukarno government. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
With armed forces support, Sukarno issues a decree dissolving the Constituent Assembly and reintroducing the Constitution of 1945 with strong presidential powers, and assumes the additional role of Prime Minister, which completes the structure of 'Guided Democracy'. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
President Sukarno reshuffles the cabinet and appoints the second "Working Cabinet". Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
An agreement is signed in Jakarta with the Soviet Union to buy arms with long-term loans. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The Mandala Command to "free" Western (Netherlands) New Guinea from the Dutch is established. Its commander is Brigadier General Suharto. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Sole years of American Peace Corps program in Indonesia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
During his Independence Day speech, Sukarno for the first time publicly denounce the United States, and over the following months an anti-American campaign attacked American interests. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Indonesia withdraws from membership of the UN. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Anti-communist organizations grouped under the Pancasila Front issue the "Three Demands of the People" (Tritura), namely the dissolution of the PKI, the cleansing of the cabinet of elements involved in 30 September Movement, and lower prices and economic improvements. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
New investment laws designed to bring in foreign capital are passed; restrictions are introduced regarding status of Indonesian Chinese, their names and their religions. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Soedjatmoko is Indonesian ambassador to the United States; bilateral relations warm. (to 1971) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Papuan representatives agree to join Indonesia in the Act of Free Choice. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Nurcholish Madjid, a young Muslim modernist, begins to lay out religious developmental principles for Indonesia—'Islam, yes; Islamic party, no'. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Suharto's wife inspired by a visit to Disneyland, conceives a national cultural theme park. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Government forces fusion of political parties; Nationalist and Christian parties are merged into the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and Muslim parties into the United Development Party (PPP). The new three party system is dominated by Golkar. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The 'Malari' uprising in Jakarta against Japanese penetration of the economy, Chinese Indonesian influence, and official corruption. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Mrs Suharto dedicates the vast 'Beautiful Indonesia-in-Miniature Park' (Taman Mini) on the outskirts of Jakarta. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
General Ibnu Sutowo is 'dismissed with honour' after a decade as head of Pertamina, the state oil corporation. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The United States surpasses Japan as Indonesia's biggest oil customer. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) elevates Pancasila to the status of compulsory moral education of youth and government officials. Suharto appoints B.J. Habibie as state minister for research and technology. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Jakarta host the 10th SEA Games, it was the first time Indonesia host Southeast Asian Games. (to 30 September) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The Petition of Fifty—a statement of concern to parliament about the use of government power, propaganda, and presidential personality cult—is begun. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The height of Petrus ('mysterious shootings') of thousands of suspected criminals by government security forces. (to 1983) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Prabowo Subianto, then a major in ABRI marries Suharto's daughter Siti Hediati Hariyadi at Taman Mini. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Muslim concerned protesting over alleged insensitivities to Islam at Tanjung Priok; a riot ensues resulting in many deaths. Clamp down on Islamic political leaders. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The Indonesian government require all organisations of any kind to adopt Pancasila as their sole basis. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Sukarno's daughter Megawati Sukarnoputri becomes a member of parliament; Suharto prohibits display of images of Sukarno although they appear frequently nonetheless. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Suharto is elected to a fifth term as president., Lilies Handayani, Nurfitriyana Saiman and Kusuma Wardhani won Indonesia's first medal in Olympic Games, a silver medal for women's team archery in 1988 Summer Olympics Seoul. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The Free Aceh Movement (GAM) reemerges following its 1976 founding; suppression of its guerilla activities leads to 2,000 deaths by 1991 in Aceh. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Indonesia wins presidency of the Non-Aligned Movement. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Suharto successfully defies Dutch efforts to link human rights to aid administered since 1967 by the International Governmental Group on Indonesia (IGGI). Susi Susanti won Indonesia's first Olympic gold medal in 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Suharto seeks a sixth term and is easily re-elected. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Suharto shuts down Tempo and two other publications for critical reporting of Habibie's purchase of the former East German navy. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
The Free Papua Movement (OPM) kidnaps fourteen scientists and foresters in Iran Jaya garnering international attention. After four months, the abductees are rescued in a bloody operation led by Prabowo. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Severe social unrest breaks out across Indonesian cities against Chinese Indonesians, Christians, symbols of wealth, the police and bureaucracy. (to 1998) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Largely peaceful student demonstrations against the regime rise to national prominence. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
A petty argument between in the city of Ambon triggers Christian-Muslim clashes that last for three years across Maluku. As many as 10,000 are killed and 700,000 or one third of the region are displaced. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
President Wahid's administration is marred by failures to stabilise the economy, patterns of political favouritism, economic corruption (although Wahid himself is not accused of corruption), inability to reform the military, personal eccentricity and pettiness, ineffectiveness in dealing with major religious violence in Maluku and Sulawesi, major ethnic violence (Dayaks vs. Madurese) in Kalimantan, and separatisms in Aceh and Irian Jaya. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (20th century):
Ethnic violence in Kalimantan as indigenous Dayaks force out Madurese transmigrants. Mass political demonstrations by Wahid's supporters and opponents. IMF stops further loans citing lack of progress in tackling corruption. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, the largest Muslim organisations in Indonesia, issue joint statements critical of militant Islamists. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Jemaah Islamiyah bomb Jakarta's Marriott hotel killing twelve. All but one of those killed are Indonesians. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Parliamentary and local elections: Golkar party of former President Suharto wins greatest share of vote, with Megawati Sukarnoputri's PDI-P coming second. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Government and Free Aceh Movement separatists sign a peace deal providing for rebel disarmament and the withdrawal of government soldiers from the province. Rebels begin handing in weapons in September; government completes troop pull-out in December. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
The 6.4 Yogyakarta earthquake shakes central Java with an MSK intensity of IX (Destructive), leaving more than 5,700 dead and 37,000 injured. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Adam Air Flight 574 crashes into the sea in Makassar Strait off Sulawesi, killing all 102 on board. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Suharto dies from multiple organ failure. He is buried in the family Mausoleum near Solo. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono won Indonesian presidential election. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Merapi volcano erupted, over 350,000 people were evacuated, 353 people were killed, Borobudur was covered in volcanic ash. (to 17 November) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Jakarta host 18th ASEAN Summit, mark the beginning of Indonesian chairmanship in ASEAN 2011. (to 8 May) Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Russian Sukhoi Superjet 100 crashed against Mount Salak, West Java, killing 45 people abroad during a demonstrational flight. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Indonesia host the APEC Summit 2013 in Nusa Dua, Bali. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Indonesia held their legislative election, PDI-P dominate the People's Representative Council, followed closely by Golkar and Gerindra. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Dozens of Indonesians are killed by respiratory illness and accidents due to poor visibility caused by severe haze. The haze occurs annually during dry season and is largely caused by illegal agricultural fires due to slash-and-burn practices in Indonesia, especially from the provinces of South Sumatra and Riau in Indonesia's Sumatra island, and Kalimantan on Indonesian Borneo. The haze also hit neighboring Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
At least three militants reportedly detonated explosives in or near a Starbucks cafe in Central Jakarta. Then the militants threw grenade to a police post nearby, destroying the post and killing at least 3 men. Gunfire had ensued when police arrived shortly afterwards. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Indonesian cities of Jakarta and Palembang hosts 2018 Asian Games. The opening ceremony was held in Gelora Bung Karno Stadium. This was the second time Indonesia hosted this Asian multi-sports event, the last time had been in 1962. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Joko Widodo has been re-elected as Indonesia's president in 2019 Indonesian general election. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
President Joko Widodo confirmed the first two cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia. According to the Minister of Health Terawan Agus Putranto, the patients contracted the virus from an infected Japanese person in Depok and later tested positive in Malaysia. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):
Sriwijaya Air Flight 182 crashed into the Java Sea, 4 minutes after takeoff, killing all 62 people on board. Source — Wikipedia, "Timeline of Indonesian history" (21st century):